| ISO 639-2: | ssa |
| English: | Nilo-Saharan (Other) |
| French: | nilo-sahariennes, autres langues |
The code ssa is classified in ISO 639 as a collective language code. It encompasses all the related languages that comprise the members of a single genetic subgroup (excluding those that have a more specific code).
It is mapped to the following subgroup in the Ethnologue's genetic classification system:
The code ssa excludes all the languages that are covered by the more specific ISO codes that fall within the above genetic subgroup. These include the following codes:
| ach | Acoli | |
| din | Dinka | |
| kau | Kanuri | |
| luo | Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) | |
| mas | Masai | |
| nub | Nubian languages | [plus individual codes for languages within the Nubian subgroup] |
| son | Songhai |
The code thus encompasses the following 178 languages from the Ethnologue:
| ADHOLA | [ADH] Uganda. 247,577 (1986). Alternate names: DHOPADHOLA, JOPADHOLA, LUDAMA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Southern, Adhola. More information. |
| AFITTI | [AFT] Sudan. 4,512 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Alternate names: DITTI, UNIETTI, AFFITTI, DINIK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Nyimang. More information. |
| AJA | [AJA] Sudan. 200 (1993 R. Brown SIL). Alternate names: AJJA, ADJA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Kresh. More information. |
| AKA | [SOH] Sudan. A few hundred (1989 Bender). Alternate names: SILLOK, JEBELS SILLOK, JEBEL SILAK, FA-C-AKA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Eastern Jebel, Aka-Kelo-Molo. More information. |
| ALUR | [ALZ] Democratic Republic of Congo. 500,000 in DRC (1991 UBS). Population total both countries 920,000. Alternate names: LUR, ALORO, ALUA, ALULU, LURI, DHO ALUR, JO ALUR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Southern, Luo-Acholi, Alur-Acholi, Alur. More information. |
| AMA | [NYI] Sudan. 70,000 (1982 SIL). Alternate names: NYIMANG, INYIMANG, NYIMA, NYIMAN. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Nyimang. More information. |
| AMDANG | [AMJ] Chad. 15,000 (1956 Tucker and Bryan). Alternate names: MIMI, MIMA, MUTUTU, BILTINE, ANDANG, ANDANGTI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Fur. More information. |
| ANUAK | [ANU] Sudan. 52,000 in Sudan (1991 UBS). Population total both countries 98,000. Alternate names: ANYWAK, ANYWA, YAMBO, JAMBO, NURO, ANYUAK, DHO ANYWAA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Anuak. More information. |
| ARAMANIK | [AAM] Tanzania. Alternate names: LARAMANIK, 'NDOROBO', 'DOROBO'. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Nandi. More information. |
| ARINGA | [LUC] Uganda. 588,830 (1991 census). Alternate names: LOW LUGBARA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central. More information. |
| ASOA | [ASV] Democratic Republic of Congo. Alternate names: ASUA, ASUATI, ASUAE, AKA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbetu. More information. |
| ASSANGORI | [SUN] Chad. 23,479 in Chad (1993 census). Population total both countries 38,500. Alternate names: SUNGOR, SOUNGOR, ASSOUNGOR, AZANGURI, ASONG, ASUNGORE, BOGNAK-ASUNGORUNG, MADUNGORE, SHAALE. Dialects: SUNGOR, WALAD DULLA, GIRGA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Tama, Tama-Sungor. More information. |
| AVOKAYA | [AVU] Democratic Republic of Congo. 25,000 in DRC, including 2,000 Ojila, 10,000 Northern Ogambi (1989 SIL). Population total both countries 40,000. Alternate names: ABUKEIA, AVUKAYA. Dialects: OJILA, AJIGU (AJUGU), NORTHERN OGAMBI, AVOKAYA PUR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central. More information. |
| BAGIRMI | [BMI] Chad. 44,761 in Chad (1993 census). Population total both countries 44,761. Alternate names: BAGUIRMI, BAGHIRMI, BAGUIRME, TAR BARMA, BARMA, MBARMA, TAR BAGRIMMA, BAGRIMMA, LIS, LISI. Dialects: GOL, KIBAR, BANGRI, DAM. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Bagirmi. More information. |
| BAKA | [BDH] Sudan. 25,000 in Sudan (1993 UBS). Population total both countries 26,300. Alternate names: TARA BAAKA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Baka. More information. |
| BARI | [BFA] Sudan. 226,000 in Sudan (1978 SIL), including 26,400 in Kuku, 18,000 in Nyangbara, 3,400 in Nyepu, 25,000 in Pojulu. Population total both countries 286,000 or more. Alternate names: BERI. Dialects: KUKU, NYANGBARA (NYANGWARA, NYAMBARA), NYEPU (NYEFU, NYEPO, NYPHO, NGYEPU), PÖJULU (PAJULU, FADJULU, FAJELU, MADI), LIGO (LIGGO). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Bari. More information. |
| BAYGO | [BYG] Sudan. Ethnic group 850 (1978 GR). Alternate names: BAIGO, BEGO, BEKO, BEIGO, BEYGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Western Daju. More information. |
| BEDJOND | [MAP] Chad. 36,000 (1969 Caprile and Fedry). Alternate names: MBAY BEDIONDO, MBAY BEJONDO, BEDIONDO MBAI, BÉDJONDE, BEDJONDO, BEDIONDO, NANGNDA. Dialects: BEDJOND, BÉBOTE, YOM. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| BELANDA BOR | [BXB] Sudan. 8,000 (1983 SIL). Alternate names: DE BOR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Bor. More information. |
| BELI | [BLM] Sudan. 6,600 including 5,000 Beli, 1,600 Sopi (1982 SIL). Alternate names: BEHLI, BEILI, JUR BELI, 'BELI. Dialects: WULU, BAHRI GIRINTI, SOPI (SUPI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli. More information. |
| BENDI | [BCT] Democratic Republic of Congo. 32,000 (1991 SIL). Alternate names: MABENDI, MABENI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Lendu. More information. |
| BERAKOU | [BXV] Chad. 2 speakers (1995 Djarangar). Alternate names: BABALIA, BUBALIA. Dialects: BOLO DJARMA, MONDOGOSSOU, MANAWADJI, YIRYO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Bagirmi. More information. |
| BERNDE | [BDO] Chad. 2,000 (1999 J. Roberts SIL). Alternate names: MOROM, TAR MURBA. Dialects: MOROM, MORBO, BAYO, BOLONG (TAR BOLONGO). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Bagirmi. More information. |
| BERTA | [WTI] Ethiopia. 124,799 mother tongue speakers including 8,715 Fadashi; 16,533 second language speakers including 795 of Fadashi; 125,853 in the ethnic group including 7,323 Fadashi in Ethiopia; 99,689 monolinguals including 4,146 Fadashi (1998 census). Population total both countries 147,000. Alternate names: BENI SHANGUL, BERTHA, BARTA, BURTA, WETAWIT, JEBELAWI. Dialects: SHURU, BAKE, UNDU, MAYU, FADASHI, DABUSO, GOBATO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Berta. More information. |
| BERTI | [BYT] Sudan. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Eastern. More information. |
| BIDEYAT | [BIH] Chad. 3,000 (1982). Alternate names: BAELE, ANNA, AWE, TERAWIA, BERIA, BERI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Eastern. More information. |
| BIRRI | [BVQ] Central African Republic. 200 (1996) out of 5,000 in the ethnic group. Extinct in Sudan (1993). Alternate names: BIRI, VIRI, BVIRI. Dialects: MBOTO, MUNGA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi. More information. |
| BONGO | [BOT] Sudan. 5,000 to 10,000 (1987 SIL). Alternate names: BUNGU, DOR. Dialects: BUSERE BONGO, TONJ BONGO, BUNGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Bongo. More information. |
| BURUN | [BDI] Sudan. 18,000 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Alternate names: BARUN, LANGE, CAI, BORUN. Dialects: RAGREIG, ABULDUGU (BOGON, MUGO-MBORKOINA), MAIAK, MUFWA (MOPO), MUGHAJA (MUGAJA, MUMUGHADJA). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Maban-Burun, Burun. More information. |
| DAGBA | [DGK] Central African Republic. 40,000 in CAR (1996). Population total both countries 40,000. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| DAJU, DAR DAJU | [DJC] Chad. 23,100 (1993 SIL and census). Alternate names: DADJO, DADJU, DAJOU, DAJU, DAJO, DAJU MONGO, DAJU OUM HADJER, SAARONGE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Western Daju. More information. |
| DAJU, DAR FUR | [DAJ] Sudan. 70,000 to 90,000 all Daju in Dar Fur (1983 Bender). Alternate names: NYALA-LAGOWA, FININGA, DAGU, DAJU FERNE, BEKE. Dialects: NYALA, LAGOWA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Western Daju. More information. |
| DAJU, DAR SILA | [DAU] Chad. Population total both countries 33,000 (1971 Welmers). Alternate names: SILA, SULA, DAJU, DADJO, DAJOU, BOKORUGE, BOKORIKE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Western Daju. More information. |
| DATOOGA | [TCC] Tanzania. 150,000 to 200,000 (1993 SIL), including 28,000 Taturu (1987), 76,000 Barabaig (1987), a few thousand Gisamjanga (1982 F. Rottland), 370 Tsimajeega (1967 cenus), 740 Rootigaanga (1967 census), 4,099 Bianjiida (1948 census). Alternate names: DATOGA, DATOG, TATOGA, TATOG, TATURU, 'MANGATI'. Dialects: BAJUTA, GISAMJANGA (KISAMAJENG, GISAMJANG), BARABAYIIGA (BARABAIG, BARABAIK, BARBAIG), TSIMAJEEGA (ISIMIJEEGA), ROOTIGAANGA (ROTIGENGA), BURAADIIGA (BURADIGA), BIANJIIDA (UTATU). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Tatoga. More information. |
| DAZAGA | [DAK] Chad. 282,281 in Chad (1993 census). Population total both countries 312,300. Alternate names: DAZA, DASA, DAZZA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Tebu. More information. |
| DENDI | [DEN] Benin. 30,000 in Benin (1995 R. Jones SIM). Population total both countries 31,000. Alternate names: DANDAWA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern. More information. |
| DIDINGA | [DID] Sudan. 58,000 (1978 SIL). Alternate names: 'DI'DINGA, XAROXA, TOI, LANGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Didinga-Murle, Didinga-Longarim. More information. |
| DISA | [DIV] Chad. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Bagirmi. More information. |
| DONGOTONO | [DDD] Sudan. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo. More information. |
| EFE | [EFE] Democratic Republic of Congo. 20,000 (1991 SIL). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe. More information. |
| ENDO | [ENB] Kenya. 80,000 (1997 SIL). Alternate names: ENDO-MARAKWET, MARAKUET, MARKWETA. Dialects: ENDO, SAMBIRIR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Markweta. More information. |
| FONGORO | [FGR] Chad. 1,000 or fewer (1983 Doornbos and Bender). Alternate names: GELE, KOLE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi. More information. |
| FUR | [FUR] Sudan. 500,000 in Sudan (1983 Bender). Population total both countries 502,000. Alternate names: FOR, FORA, FORDUNGA, FURAWI, FURAKANG, FORTA, FOROK, KONJARA, KUNGARA, YERGE, ONAGE, KORRA, KADIRGI, KURKA, DALA, LALI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Fur. More information. |
| FURU | [FUU] Democratic Republic of Congo. 12,000 in DRC (1984 census). Population total both countries 16,000. Alternate names: BAGERO, BAGIRO, BAGUERO, BAGUIRO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Kara. More information. |
| GAAM | [TBI] Sudan. 40,000 to 80,000 (1997 M.L. Bender). Alternate names: INGASSANA, INGESSANA, TABI, METABI, MUNTABI, MAMEDJA, MAMIDZA, KAMANIDI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Eastern Jebel, Gaam. More information. |
| GBAYA | [KRS] Sudan. 16,000 (1987 SIL). About 4,000 others speak Gbaya as second language. Population total both countries 16,000. Alternate names: KRESH, KREISH, KREICH, KREDJ, KPARLA, KPALA, KPARA. Dialects: NAKA (KRESH-BORO), GBAYA-NDOGO (KRESH-NDOGO), GBAYA-NGBONGBO (KRESH-HOFRA), GBAYA-GBOKO, ORLO (WORO), GBAYA-DARA, DONGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Kresh. More information. |
| GOR | [GQR] Chad. 75,000 (1999 J. Roberts SIL). Alternate names: BODO. Dialects: BODO, YAMOD. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| GULA | [GLU] Chad. Alternate names: SARA GOULA, SARA GULA, GOULA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Bagirmi. More information. |
| GULA | [KCM] Central African Republic. 13,000 in CAR (1996). Population total both countries 13,000 to 15,000. Alternate names: KARA OF SUDAN, KARA DE SOUDAN, KARA, TAR GULA, GULA DU MAMOUN, GOULA, YAMEGI. Dialects: MOLO, MELE, MOT-MAR (MOTO-MARA), SAR (SARA), MERE, ZURA (KOTO). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Kara. More information. |
| GULAY | [GVL] Chad. 163,271 (1993 census), including 23,500 Pen in 26 villages (1995 Djarangar). Alternate names: GOULAI, GOULEI, GULEI, GULAI, GOULAYE. Dialects: GULAY, PEN (PENI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| GULE | [GLE] Sudan. Alternate names: ANEJ, HAMEJ, FECAKOMODIYO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman. More information. |
| GUMUZ | [GUK] Ethiopia. 120,424 mother tongue speakers, 4,379 second language speakers, 121,487 in the ethnic group, 88,192 monolinguals in Ethiopia (1998 census). Population total both countries 160,400. Alternate names: GUMIS, GOMBO, 'SHANKILLINYA', 'SHANQILLA', MENDEYA, DEBATSA, DEBUGA, DEHENDA, BEGA, 'SHANKILLIGNA'. Dialects: DAKUNZA (DUKUNA, DUGUNZA, DUKUNZA, DUGUNZ, GUNZA, GANZA, DEGOJA), SAI, SESE (SAYSAY), DISOHA (DESUA). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Gumuz. More information. |
| HORO | [HOR] Chad. Alternate names: HOR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| IK | [IKX] Uganda. 2,000 (1972 C. Turnbull). Alternate names: ICIETOT, TEUSO, TEUTH, NGULAK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Kuliak, Ik. More information. |
| JAYA | [JYY] Chad. 2,200 (1993 census). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Bagirmi. More information. |
| JUMJUM | [JUM] Sudan. 25,000 to 50,000 (1987 SIL). Alternate names: BERIN, OLGA, WADEGA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Maban-Burun, Maban. |
| JUR MODO | [BEX] Sudan. 15,400 (1982 SIL). Dialects: LORI, MODO (JUR MODO, MODO LALI), WIRA, WETU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli. More information. |
| KABA | [KSP] Central African Republic. 72,000 in CAR (1996). Population total both countries 84,000. Alternate names: KABBA, SARA KABA, SARA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| KABA DEME | [KWG] Chad. 40,000 (1993 UBS). Alternate names: KABA DEMI, KABA 'DEM, TÀ SÀRA. Dialects: SIIME, MARA, KURUWER. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper, Sara Kaba. More information. |
| KABA NA | [KWV] Chad. 35,000 (1993 UBS) including 5,564 in Bale village, 4,937 in Koskabo, 4,548 in Kyabé. Alternate names: KABA NAR, KABA NAA, NA, DANA, SARA KABA. Dialects: DUNJE (DENDJE, DINDJE, DINJE, DENJE, DOUNJE), NA, BANGA (MBANGA), TIE (TIYE). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper, Sara Kaba. More information. |
| KACIPO-BALESI | [KOE] Sudan. 5,000 in Sudan (1983 SIL). Population total both countries 7,000 to 8,000. Dialects: KICHEPO, SURI, WESTERN SURI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Kacipo-Balesi. More information. |
| KAKWA | [KEO] Uganda. 86,472 in Uganda (1991 census), .6% of population (1972 Ladefoged et al.) Population total all countries 146,500. Alternate names: BARI KAKWA, KAKUA, KWAKWAK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Bari. More information. |
| KALENJIN | [KLN] Kenya. 2,458,123 (1989 census), including 471,459 Kipsigis, 261,969 Nandi, 110,908 Keiyo, 130,249 Tugen (1980 Heine and Möhlig). Dialects: NANDI (NAANDI, CEMUAL), TERIK (NYANG'ORI), KIPSIGIS (KIPSIIKIS, KIPSIKIS, KIPSIKIIS), KEIYO (KEYO, ELGEYO), SOUTH TUGEN (TUKEN), CHERANGANY. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Nandi. More information. |
| KANEMBU | [KBL] Chad. 389,028 (1993 census), including 168,441 in Lac Prefecture, 68,032 in Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture. Alternate names: KANAMBU, KANEMBOU. Dialects: KARKAWU, MANDO, NGURI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri. More information. |
| KANURI, MANGA | [KBY] Niger. 280,000 in Niger (1998). Population total both countries 480,000. Alternate names: MANGA, KANOURI, KANOURY. Dialects: MANGA, DAGARA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri. More information. |
| KANURI, TUMARI | [KRT] Niger. 40,000 (1998). Alternate names: KANEMBU, KANAMBU. Dialects: TUMARI, SUGURTI (SUWURTI), KUBARI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri. More information. |
| KARAMOJONG | [KDJ] Uganda. 370,000 (1994 UBS) or 2% of the population (1972 Ladefoged et al.), including 50,000 Jie (1986 MARC). Alternate names: KARIMOJONG, KARIMONJONG. Dialects: KARAMOJONG, JIE (JIYE), DODOS (DODOTH). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana. More information. |
| KARANGA | [KTH] Chad. 10,000 including 4,696 Karanga and 1,419 Bakha (1999 J. Roberts SIL). Alternate names: KURUNGA. Dialects: KARANGA (KURUNGA), KASHMERE (KACHMERE), BAKHA (BAXA, BAKHAT, FAALA, FALA), KONIÉRÉ (KONYARE, KOGNERE, MOOYO, MOYO). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban. More information. |
| KELIKO | [KBO] Sudan. 10,000 in Sudan (1998 SIL). Population total all countries 22,500. Alternate names: KALIKO. Dialects: EASTERN KALIKO, WESTERN KALIKO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central. More information. |
| KELO | [TSN] Sudan. Alternate names: TORNASI, KELO-BENI SHEKO, NDU-FAA-KEELO. Dialects: BENI SHEKO, KELO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Eastern Jebel, Aka-Kelo-Molo. More information. |
| KENDEJE | [KLF] Chad. 1,000 to 2,000 (1995 SIL). Alternate names: YAALI. Dialects: YAALI, FARANGA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban, Mabang. More information. |
| KENGA | [KYQ] Chad. 40,000 (1997 Testardi SIL). Alternate names: KENGE, CENGE. Dialects: CENGE (TAR CENGE), BANAMA (TAR BANAMA), BIDJIR, BANALA (TAR BANALA). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Bagirmi. More information. |
| KIBET | [KIE] Chad. 18,500 (1983 Bender) to 22,000 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Alternate names: KIBEIT, KIBEET, KABEN, KABENTANG. Dialects: DAGEL (DAGGAL), MURRU (MURO, MOURRO), KIBET. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban, Mabang, Runga-Kibet. More information. |
| KISANKASA | [KQH] Tanzania. 4,670 (1987). Alternate names: 'NDOROBO', 'DOROBO'. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Nandi. More information. |
| KOMO | [KOM] Sudan. 10,000 in Sudan (1979 James). Population total both countries 11,500. Alternate names: KOMA OF DAGA, COMO, CENTRAL KOMA, GOKWOM, HAYAHAYA, MADIIN. Dialects: BEILLA, CHALI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman. More information. |
| KORANDJE | [KCY] Algeria. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai. More information. |
| KULFA | [KXJ] Chad. Alternate names: KULFE, KURMI, KURUMI, 'KABA SO'. Dialects: KURMI, SO (SUKA, SOUKA, SOKO). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper, Sara Kaba. More information. |
| KUMAM | [KDI] Uganda. 112,629 (1991 census), 1% of the population (1972 Ladefoged et al.) Alternate names: KUMAN, IKOKOLEMU, KUMUM, IKUMAMA, AKUM, AKOKOLEMU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Southern, Kuman. More information. |
| KUNAMA | [KUM] Eritrea. 140,000 in Eritrea (1993 Johnstone), including 1,000 in Ilit, 600 in Odasa. Population total both countries 142,000. Alternate names: BAZA, BAAZA, BAZEN, BAAZEN, BAAZAYN, BADEN, BAADEN, BADA, BAADA, CUNAMA, DIILA. Dialects: BARKA (BERKA), MARDA, AIMARA (AAIMASA, AYMASA, ODASA), TIKA (TIIKA, LAKATAKURA-TIKA), ILIT (ILIIT, IILIIT, IILIT), BITAMA (BITAAMA), SOKODASA (SOGODAS, SOGADAS), TAKAZZE-SETIIT (SETIIT, SETIT), TIGRAY. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Kunama. More information. |
| KUPSABINY | [KPZ] Uganda. 120,000 (1994 UBS), .6% of the population (1972 Ladefoged). Alternate names: SEBEI, SAPEI. Dialects: SABINY (SAPINY, KUPSABINY, KUPSAPINY), MBAI, SOR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Elgon. More information. |
| KWAMA | [KMQ] Ethiopia. 15,000 (1982 SIL). Alternate names: TAKWAMA, GWAMA, GOMA, GOGWAMA, KOMA OF ASOSA, NORTH KOMA, NOKANOKA, AFAN MAO, AMAM, T'WA KWAMA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman. More information. |
| KWEGU | [YID] Ethiopia. 103 mother tongue speakers, 51 second language speakers, 173 in the ethnic group, 73 monolinguals (1998 census). Alternate names: KOEGU, KWEGI, BACHA, MENJA. Dialects: YIDINICH (YIDINIT, YIDI), MUGUJI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southeast, Kwegu. More information. |
| LAKA | [LAM] Chad. 55,143 in 310 villages in Chad (1991 census). Population total both countries 57,200. Alternate names: KABBA LAKA. Dialects: MANG, BÉMOUR, MAÏNGAO, GOULA, PAÏ. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| LANGO | [LNO] Sudan. 20,000 possibly (1987 SIL). Alternate names: LANGGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo. More information. |
| LANGO | [LAJ] Uganda. 977,680 (1991 census), 5.6% of population (1972 Ladefoged et al.) Alternate names: LWO, LWOO, LEB-LANO, LANGI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Southern, Luo-Acholi, Alur-Acholi, Lango-Acholi. More information. |
| LENDU | [LED] Democratic Republic of Congo. 750,000 in DRC (1996 C. Kutsch Lojenga SIL). Population total both countries 760,000. Alternate names: BBADHA, BBALEDHA, KILENDU, BALETHA, BATHA, BALENDRU, BALE, HEMA-NORD, KIHEMA-NORD. Dialects: DJADHA, TADHA, PIDHA, DDRALO, NJAWLO, GEGERE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Lendu. More information. |
| LESE | [LES] Democratic Republic of Congo. 50,000 (1991 SIL). Alternate names: LESA, LESSE, LISSI, WALISI, WALESE, BALESE, MBUTI. Dialects: LESE KARO, ARUMBI (UPSTREAM LESE), NDESE (LESE DESE), VUKUTU (VONKUTU, OBI), FARE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe. More information. |
| LOGO | [LOG] Democratic Republic of Congo. 210,000 (1989 SIL) including 100,000 Ogambi. Alternate names: LOGOTI. Dialects: OGAMBI (OGAMARU, NORTHERN LOGO), DOKA, LOLYA, OBILEBHA (OBELEBHA, OBILEBA), BHAGIRA (BAGELA), BARI (BARI-LOGO, BARITI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central. More information. |
| LOGORIK | [LIU] Sudan. 2,000 (1971 Welmers). Alternate names: LIGURI. Dialects: SABURI, TALLAU (TALAU, TALO), LIGURI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Eastern Daju. More information. |
| LOKOYA | [LKY] Sudan. 12,392 (1952). Alternate names: LOKOIYA, LOKOJA, LOQUIA, LOWOI, OWOI, LOIRYA, OIRYA, ELLYRIA, OXORIOK, KOYO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo. More information. |
| LOMBI | [LMI] Democratic Republic of Congo. 12,000 (1993 SIL). Alternate names: LUMBI, ROMBI, RUMLI, ODYALOMBITO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbetu. More information. |
| LONGARIM | [LOH] Sudan. 3,623 (1983 K. Fukui survey). Alternate names: NARIM, LARIM, LARIMINIT, BOYA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Didinga-Murle, Didinga-Longarim. More information. |
| LOPPIT | [LPX] Sudan. 50,000 (1995 Scott Randal). Alternate names: LOPIT, LOPID, LOFIT, LAFITE, LAFIT, LAFIIT. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo. More information. |
| LUGBARA | [LUG] Uganda. 200,000 in Uganda, including 140,000 in Arua, 60,000 in Maracha and Terego (1983 SIL). Population total both countries 488,000. Alternate names: HIGH LUGBARA. Dialects: ARUA (STANDARD LUGBARA), MARACHA, TEREGO (OMUGO). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central. More information. |
| LULUBO | [LUL] Sudan. 15,000 (1985 SIL). Alternate names: LULUBA, OLUBOGO, OLUBOTI, OLU'BO, ONDOE, LOLUBO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Southern. More information. |
| LUTOS | [NDY] Central African Republic. 17,000 in CAR (1996). Population total both countries 19,000. Alternate names: RUTO. Dialects: NDUKA (NDOUKA, NDOUKWA), LUTOS (RUTO, ROUTO, RITO, LUTO, LOUTO), WADA (WAD), NDUGA (NGOUGUA), KONGA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Vale. |
| LUWO | [LWO] Sudan. 80,000 (1983 census). Alternate names: LWO, JUR LUO, JUR LWO, JO LWO, DHE LWO, DHE LUWO, GIUR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Jur. More information. |
| MA'DI | [MHI] Uganda. 130,558 in Uganda (1991 census). Population total both countries 150,000. Alternate names: MA'ADI, MA'DITI, MA'DI. Dialects: MOYO, ADJUMANI (OYUWI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Southern. More information. |
| MA'DI, SOUTHERN | [QMD] Uganda. 48,000 (1983 SIL). Alternate names: SOUTHERN MA'DI. Dialects: OKOLLO, OGOKO, RIGBO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Southern. More information. |
| MABA | [MDE] Chad. 250,000 (1999 J. Roberts SIL). Alternate names: MABANG, MABANGI, MABAN, MABAA, MABAK, BURA MABANG, BORA MABANG, KANA MABANG, OUADDAO, OUADDAIEN, WADDAYEN, WADAI, WADAIKNS, BOURGU, BORGU, BORGOTKE. Dialects: BAKHA, ABKAR, KAJANGA (KAJANGAN), KELINGAN, MALANGA, MANDABA (MA NDABA), MANDALA (MA DALA), NYABADAN, KODOO, OULED DJEMMA, KUJINGA, DONDONGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban, Mabang, Maba. More information. |
| MABAAN | [MFZ] Sudan. 25,000 to 50,000 (1987 SIL). Alternate names: MAABAN, MEBAN, SOUTHERN BURUN, GURA, TUNGAN, BARGA, TONKO, ULU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Maban-Burun, Maban. More information. |
| MAJANG | [MPE] Ethiopia. 15,341 mother tongue speakers, 438 second language speakers, 15,341 in the ethnic group, 10,752 monolinguals (1998 census). Alternate names: MESENGO, MASONGO, MASANGO, MAJANJIRO, TAMA, OJANJUR, AJO, ATO MAJANG, ATO MAJANGER-ONK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, North, Majang. More information. |
| MAMVU | [MDI] Democratic Republic of Congo. 60,000 (1991 SIL). Alternate names: TENGO. Dialects: AMENGI, MAMVU (MOMVU, MOMFU). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe. More information. |
| MANDARI | [MQU] Sudan. 35,812 (1952). Alternate names: MONDARI, MUNDARI, SHIR, CHIR, KIR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Bari. More information. |
| MANGBETU | [MDJ] Democratic Republic of Congo. 620,000. Population total both countries 650,000 (1985 UBS). Alternate names: NEMANGBETU, MANGBETTU, MAMBETTO, AMANGBETU, KINGBETU. Dialects: MEJE (MEDJE), MANGBETU, MAKERE, MALELE, POPOI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbetu. More information. |
| MANGBUTU | [MDK] Democratic Republic of Congo. 15,000 including 1,200 Andinai (1991 SIL). Alternate names: MOMBUTTU, WAMBUTU, MANGU-NGUTU. Dialects: ANDINAI, MAKUTANA, ANGWE (ANDALI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe. More information. |
| MANGO | [MGE] Chad. 50,000 (1981 Bernard Lanne). Alternate names: MONGO, MBAY DOBA, DOBA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| MARARIT | [MGB] Chad. 42,388 including 15,376 Mararit, 27,012 Abou Charib (1993 census). Alternate names: MARARET, MERARIT, ABIYI, ABIRI, EBIRI. Dialects: MARARIT, ABOU CHARIB (ABU SHARIB, ABU SHARIN). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Tama, Mararit. More information. |
| MARFA | [MVU] Chad. 5,000 to 10,000 (1999 J. Roberts). Alternate names: MARBA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban, Mabang, Maba. More information. |
| MASALIT | [MSA] Sudan. 145,000 in Sudan. Population total both countries 250,000 (1983 Doornbos and Bender). Alternate names: MASSALIT, KAANA MASALA, JWISINCE. Dialects: SURBAKHAL. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban, Mabang, Masalit. More information. |
| MASSALAT | [MDG] Chad. 10 speakers or fewer (1991 R. Blench), out of an ethnic group of 29,836 (1993 census). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban, Mabang, Masalit. More information. |
| MBAY | [MYB] Chad. Population total all countries 100,000 (1981 UBS). Alternate names: MBAI, MBAYE, SARA MBAI, MOISSALA MBAI, MBAY MOISSALA. Dialects: BÉDJOU, KAN (MBAY-KAN), NGOKA (MBANG), BÉDÉGUÉ, MOUGO, BBATE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| ME'EN | [MYM] Ethiopia. 56,585 mother tongue speakers including 4,570 Bodi; 6,300 second language speakers including 342 Bodi; 57,501 in the ethnic group including 4,686 Bodi; 51,446 monolinguals including 4,553 Bodi (1998 census). Alternate names: MEKAN, MIE'EN, MIEKEN, MEQAN, MEN. Dialects: BODI (PODI), TISHENA (TESHINA, TESHENNA). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southeast, Pastoral, Me'en. More information. |
| MEDIAK | [MWX] Tanzania. Alternate names: NDOROBO, DOROBO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Nandi. More information. |
| MIMI | [MIV] Chad. 5,000 speakers (1983) out of an ethnic group of 39,945 (1993 census). Alternate names: MIME. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Fur. More information. |
| MITTU | [MWU] Sudan. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli. More information. |
| MO'DA | [GBN] Sudan. 600 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Alternate names: GBERI, GWERI, GBARA, MUDA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli, Morokodo-Mo'da. More information. |
| MOLO | [ZMO] Sudan. 100 (1988 M.L. Bender). Alternate names: MALKAN, TURA-KA-MOLO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Eastern Jebel, Aka-Kelo-Molo. More information. |
| MOROKODO | [MGC] Sudan. 3,400 or more, including 280 Biti (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Alternate names: MA'DI. Dialects: BITI, MA'DU, MOROKODO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli, Morokodo-Mo'da. More information. |
| MORU | [MGD] Sudan. 70,000 (1982 SIL), including 1,200 Agi, 2,500 Andri, 5,000 Kadiro, 9,000 Miza, 400 Wa'di. Alternate names: KALA MORU. Dialects: AGI, ANDRI, 'BALI'BA, KADIRO, LAKAMA'DI, MIZA, MORUWA'DI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Northern. More information. |
| MOSIRO | [MWY] Tanzania. Alternate names: NDOROBO, DOROBO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Nandi. More information. |
| MURLE | [MUR] Sudan. 60,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL). Population total both countries 60,200. Alternate names: MURELEI, MERULE, MOURLE, MURULE, BEIR, AJIBBA, AGIBA, ADKIBBA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Didinga-Murle, Murle. More information. |
| MURSI | [MUZ] Ethiopia. 3,278 mother tongue speakers, 34 second language users, 3,258 in the ethnic group, 3,155 monolinguals (1998 census). Alternate names: MURZI, MURZU, MERDU, MERITU, DAMA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southeast, Pastoral, Suri. More information. |
| MVUBA | [MXH] Democratic Republic of Congo. Population total both countries 5,000 (1981 Hurlburt). Alternate names: MBUBA, BAMBUBA, BAMVUBA, MVUBA-A, OBIYE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe. More information. |
| NABA | [MNE] Chad. 232,448 including 136,629 Bilala, 76,660 Kuka, and 19,159 Medogo (1993 census). Dialects: BILALA (BOULALA, BULALA, MAGE, MA), KUKA (KOUKA, LISI), MEDOGO (MODOGO, MUD). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Bagirmi. More information. |
| NARA | [NRB] Eritrea. 63,000 (1993 Johnstone). Alternate names: NERA, 'BAREA', 'BARYA', 'BARIA', HIGIR, KOYTA, MOGAREB, SANTORA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nara. More information. |
| NDO | [NDP] Democratic Republic of Congo. 100,000. Population total both countries 300,000 (1991 UBS). Alternate names: KE'BU, OKE'BU, KEBUTU, NDU. Dialects: AVARI (AVARE, AVERE, AVIRITU), OKE'BU, MEMBI (MEMBITU, MEEMBI, MOMBI, NDO). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe. More information. |
| NGAM | [NMC] Chad. 43,743 (1993 census). Population total both countries 61,400. Alternate names: NGAMA, SARNGAM, NGAHM. Dialects: NGAM TEL, NGAM TIRA, KON NGAM, KLE, NGAM GIR BOR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| NGAMBAY | [SBA] Chad. 750,000 in Chad (1999 SIL). Population total all countries 750,000 or more. Alternate names: SARA, SARA NGAMBAI, GAMBA, GAMBAYE, GAMBLAI, NGAMBAI. Dialects: LARA, BENOYE, MURUM (MOUROUM), KERE, BEMAR (DABA DE GORÉ). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| NGASA | [NSG] Tanzania. 200 to 300 speakers out of an ethnic group of 2,500 (1983). Alternate names: SHAKA, ONGAMO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Ongamo-Maa. More information. |
| NGITI | [NIY] Democratic Republic of Congo. 100,000 (1991 SIL). Alternate names: KINGITI, NGETI, KINGETI, NDRUNA, DRUNA, BINDI, LENDU-SUD. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Lendu. More information. |
| NJALGULGULE | [NJL] Sudan. 900 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Alternate names: NYOLGE, NYOOLNE, NGULGULE, BEGI, BEGE, BEKO, NJANGULGULE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Western Daju. More information. |
| NUER | [NUS] Sudan. 740,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL), including 2,935 Western Jikany, 12,500 Lou, 1,100 Nyuong, 2,500 Thiang, 5,900 Bul, 2,400 Jagai, 6,700 Laak, 4,900 Leik, 1,600 Door, 17,600 Eastern Jikany (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Population total both countries 805,000. Alternate names: NAATH, NAADH. Dialects: DOR (DOOR), EASTERN JIKANY (JIKAIN, JEKAING), ABIGAR, WESTERN JIKANY, CIEN, THOGNAATH (THOK NATH), LOU (LAU), NYUONG, THIANG (BUL, GAWAAR, JAGAI, LAAK, LEIK). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer, Nuer. More information. |
| NYAMUSA-MOLO | [NYO] Sudan. 1,200 Nyamusa (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Dialects: NYAMUSA, MOLO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli, Morokodo-Mo'da. More information. |
| NYANG'I | [NYP] Uganda. Alternate names: NUANGEYA, NYUANGIA, NYANGIYA, NYANGIA, NGANGEA, GYANGIYA, NYANGEYA, NGIANGEYA, NIPORI, NIPOREN, POREN, NGAPORE, UPALE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Kuliak, Ngangea-So. More information. |
| NYANGATOM | [NNJ] Ethiopia. 14,177 mother tongue speakers, 123 second language speakers, 14,201 in the ethnic group, 13,797 monolinguals (1998 census). Alternate names: INYANGATOM, DONYIRO, DONGIRO, IDONGIRO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana. More information. |
| OKIEK | [OKI] Kenya. A few speakers out of an ethnic group of 20,000 in Kenya (1980 Heine and Möhlig). Alternate names: AKIEK, 'NDOROBO'. Dialects: SUIEI, SOGOO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Okiek. More information. |
| OMI | [OMI] Democratic Republic of Congo. 39,500 (1989 SIL). Alternate names: KALIKO-OMI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central. More information. |
| OMOTIK | [OMT] Kenya. 50 or fewer (1980). 24,363 'Dorobo' (1989 census). Alternate names: LAAMOOT, 'NDOROBO'. Dialects: SUIEI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Tatoga. More information. |
| OPUUO | [LGN] Ethiopia. 301 mother tongue speakers, 72 second language speakers, 307 in the ethnic group, 235 monolinguals (1998 census). Population total both countries 301 or more. Alternate names: OPO-SHITA, OPO, OPUO, CITA, CIITA, SHITA, SHIITA, ANSITA, KINA, KWINA, 'LANGA'. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman. More information. |
| OTUHO | [LOT] Sudan. 135,000 including Dongotono (1998), 2,500 Koriot, 1,000 Lomya (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Alternate names: LOTUKO, LOTUHO, LOTUXO, LOTUKA, LATTUKA, LATUKO, LATUKA, LATOOKA, OTUXO, OLOTORIT. Dialects: KORIOK, LOGIRI (LOGIR), LOMYA (LOMIA), LORWAMA, LOWUDO (LOUDO, LAUDA), LOGOTOK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo. More information. |
| PÄRI | [LKR] Sudan. 28,000 (1987 SIL). Alternate names: LOKORO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Unclassified. |
| PÖKOOT | [PKO] Kenya. 264,000 in Kenya (1994 I. Larsen BTL). Population total both countries 264,000 or more. Alternate names: PöKOT, SUK, PAKOT. Dialects: EAST POKOT, WEST POKOT. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Pokot. More information. |
| REEL | [ATU] Sudan. 50,000 (1998 Atuot community). Alternate names: ATUOT, ATWOT, THOK CIENG REEL. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer, Nuer. More information. |
| RUNGA | [ROU] Chad. 21,479 in Chad (1993 census). Population total both countries 43,000. Alternate names: ROUNGA, ROUNGO, AIKI, AYKI, AYKINDANG. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban, Mabang, Runga-Kibet. More information. |
| SABAOT | [SPY] Kenya. 143,000 (1994 I. Larsen BTL). Alternate names: MT. ELGON MAASAI. Dialects: BONG'OMEEK (BONG'OM, PONG'OM), KOONY (KONY), BOOK (BOK, POK). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Elgon. More information. |
| SAMBURU | [SAQ] Kenya. 147,000 (1994 I. Larsen BTL) including 128,000 Samburu, 19,000 Chamus. Alternate names: SAMBUR, SAMPUR, BURKENEJI, LOKOP, E LOKOP, NKUTUK. Dialects: CHAMUS (ILCAMUS, NJEMPS). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Ongamo-Maa. More information. |
| SAR | [MWM] Chad. 183,471 (1993 census) including 74,670 Madjingay (1964), 16,260 No (1964), 32,000 Nar (1977). Alternate names: SARA, SARA MADJINGAY. Dialects: MAJINGAI (MAJINNGAY, MADJINGAYE, MADJINGAY, MADJA NGAI), NAR, NO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper. More information. |
| SARA DUNJO | [KOJ] Central African Republic. 4,000 (1996). Alternate names: KABA DUNJO, SARA DINJO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper, Sara Kaba. More information. |
| SARA KABA | [SBZ] Central African Republic. 13,600 (1996). Alternate names: TA SARA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper, Sara Kaba. More information. |
| SHABO | [SBF] Ethiopia. 400 to 1,000 (1986) out of a larger ethnic population. Alternate names: SHAKO, 'MEKEYER', 'MIKEYIR', 'MIKAIR'. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Unclassified. More information. |
| SHATT | [SHJ] Sudan. 15,000 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Alternate names: CANING. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Eastern Daju. More information. |
| SHILLUK | [SHK] Sudan. 175,000 (1982 SIL). Alternate names: COLO, DHOCOLO, CHULLA, SHULLA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Shilluk. More information. |
| SINYAR | [SYS] Sudan. Population total both countries 5,000 to 10,000 (1983 Bender). Alternate names: SINYA, SHEMYA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sinyar. More information. |
| SONGHAY, HUMBURI SENNI | [HMB] Mali. 15,000 in Mali (1999 J. Heath). Population total both countries 140,000. Alternate names: SONGHAI, SONGAI, SONGAY, SONGOI, SONGOY, SONGHOY, SONRAI, SONRHAI, CENTRAL SONGAI, HOMBORI SONGHAY. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern. More information. |
| SONGHAY, KOYRA CHIINI | [KHQ] Mali. 200,000 (1999 Dan Stauffer). Alternate names: SONGHAI, SONGAI, SONGAY, SONGOI, SONGOY, SONGHOY, SONRAI, SONRHAI, WEST SONGHOY, TIMBUKTU SONGHOY. Dialects: KOYRA CHIINI, DJENNÉ CHIINI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern. More information. |
| SOO | [TEU] Uganda. 5,000 (1972 Ladefoged et al.) Alternate names: SO, TEPETH, TEPES. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Kuliak, Ngangea-So. More information. |
| SURBAKHAL | [SBJ] Chad. 5,000 to 7,000 (1993 SIL). Alternate names: SOURBAKHAL. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban, Mabang, Masalit. More information. |
| SURI | [SUQ] Ethiopia. 19,622 mother tongue speakers, 212 second language speakers, 19,632 in the ethnic group, 19,269 monolinguals in Ethiopia (1998 census). Population total both countries 20,600. Alternate names: SURMA, SHURI, CHURI, DHURI, SHURO, EASTERN SURI. Dialects: TIRMA (TIRIMA, TEREMA, TERNA, DIRMA, CIRMA, TIRMAGA, TIRMAGI, TID), CHAI (CAI, CACI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southeast, Pastoral, Suri. More information. |
| TADAKSAHAK | [DSQ] Mali. 30,000 to 40,000 in Mali (1995). Population total both countries 32,000 to 42,000. Alternate names: DAUSAHAQ, DAOUSSAK, DAOUSSAHAQ, DAWSAHAQ, DAOSAHAQ. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Northern. More information. |
| TAGDAL | [TDA] Niger. 25,000 (1998 SIL). Alternate names: TIHISHIT. Dialects: TABAROG, TAGDAL. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Northern. More information. |
| TALAI | [TLE] Kenya. 25,000 to 30,000 (1987 estimate). Alternate names: MARAKWET. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Markweta. More information. |
| TAMA | [TMA] Chad. 62,931 (1993 census). Alternate names: TAMONGOBO, TAMOK, TAMOT. Dialects: TAMA, GIMR (ORRA, QIMR, HAURA), JABAAL (MILEERE, MISSIRII, MIISIIRII, MILRI), ERENGA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Tama, Tama-Sungor. More information. |
| TASAWAQ | [TWQ] Niger. 8,000 (1998 SIL). Alternate names: INGELSHI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Northern. More information. |
| TEDAGA | [TUQ] Chad. 28,501 in Chad (1993 census). Population total all countries 40,500. Alternate names: TEDA, TODA, TODAGA, TODGA, TUDA, TUDAGA, TUBU, TEBU, TEBOU, TIBBU, TOUBOU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Tebu. More information. |
| TEMEIN | [TEQ] Sudan. 10,000 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Alternate names: TEMAINIAN, RONE, RONGE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Temein. More information. |
| TENNET | [TEX] Sudan. 4,000 (1994 SIL). Alternate names: TENET. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Didinga-Murle, Tennet. More information. |
| TESE | [KEG] Sudan. 1,400 (1971 Welmers). Alternate names: TEIS-UMM-DANAB, KEIGA JIRRU, KEIGA GIRRU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Temein. More information. |
| TESO | [TEO] Uganda. 999,537 in Uganda (1991 census), 8.3% of the population (1972 Ladefoged et al.) Population total both countries 1,217,000. Alternate names: ATESO, IKUMAMA, BAKEDI, BAKIDI, ETOSSIO, ELGUMI, WAMIA. Dialects: LOKATHAN (BIRI, KETEBO), OROM (ROM). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Teso. More information. |
| THURI | [THU] Sudan. 6,600 (1956 Tucker and Bryan). Alternate names: DHE THURI, JO THURI, WADA THURI, SHATT. Dialects: BODHO (DHE BOODHO, DEMBO, DEMEN, DOMBO), COLO (DHE COLO, JUR SHOL, JO COLO), MANANGEER (JUR MANANGEER). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Thuri. More information. |
| TOPOSA | [TOQ] Sudan. 100,000 (1984 M. Schroeder). Alternate names: TAPOSA, TOPOTHA, AKARA, KARE, KUMI. Dialects: EASTERN TOPOSA, WESTERN TOPOSA, JIYE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana. More information. |
| TUGEN, NORTH | [TUY] Kenya. 144,000 (1987 BTL). Alternate names: NORTH TUKEN, TUKEN. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern, Kalenjin, Nandi-Markweta, Nandi. More information. |
| TURKANA | [TUV] Kenya. 340,000 (1994 I. Larsen BTL). Alternate names: BUME, BUMA, TURKWANA. Dialects: NORTHERN TURKANA, SOUTHERN TURKANA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana. More information. |
| UDUK | [UDU] Ethiopia. Population total both countries 20,000 (1995 W. James). Alternate names: TWAMPA, KWANIM PA, BURUN, KEBEIRKA, OTHAN, KORARA, KUMUS. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman. More information. |
| VALE | [VAE] Central African Republic. 5,400 Vale (1996), few Tana (1996). Dialects: VALE, TANA (TANE, TELE). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Vale. More information. |
| YULU | [YUL] Central African Republic. 4,000 in CAR (1996). Population total all countries 7,000 or more. Alternate names: YOULOU. Dialects: BINGA, YULU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Kara. More information. |
| ZAGHAWA | [ZAG] Sudan. 102,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL). Population total all countries 186,800. Alternate names: SOGHAUA, ZEGGAOUA, ZAGAOUA, ZORHAUA, ZAGAWA, ZEGHAWA, ZAUGE, BERRI, BERI, BERI-AA, MERIDA, KEBADI, KUYUK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Eastern. More information. |
| ZARMA | [DJE] Niger. 2,100,000 in Niger (1998). Population total all countries 2,151,000. Alternate names: DYERMA, DYARMA, DYABARMA, ADZERMA, DJERMA, ZABARMA, ZARBARMA, ZARMACI. Dialects: KAADO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern. More information. |
