| Population |
2,121,140 in Senegal (1998). Population total all countries 2,921,300. |
| Region |
Fulbe Jeeri and Toucouleur are primarily in the Senegal River Valley and Mauritania. Fulacunda is in the Upper Casamance region, from 40 miles west of Kolda to the headwaters of the Gambia River in the east, from the southern border of Senegal in the south to the Gambian border in the north. Also spoken in Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania. |
| Alternate names |
PULAAR FULFULDE, PEUL, PEULH |
| Dialects |
TOUCOULEUR (TUKOLOR, TUKULOR, TOKILOR, PULAAR, HAALPULAAR, FULBE JEERI), FULACUNDA (FULAKUNDA, FULKUNDA). |
| Classification |
Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fulani, Western. |
| Comments |
Fulbe Jeeri and Toucouleur (Haalpulaar'en) are separate ethnic groups speaking this form of Pulaar. Jeeri is a geographical region in which a large number of diverse lineages still follow a semi-nomadic life. There are 3 families subdivided into at least 20 lineages, each of which has some dialect differences; all are inherently intelligible. Bunndu is a Fula geo-political state composed of a mix of Toucouleur and Fulbe Jeeri. Fuuta Tooro (Fouta Toro) was a major Toucouleur geo-political state, which has its seat in northern Senegal, and is also in Mauritania. Fulacunda is an ethnic group speaking a closely related dialect of Pulaar. Their region is called Fuladu in the Upper Casamance area of Senegal. National language. Grammar. Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Desert. Fulbe Jeeri: semi-nomadic pastoralists. Muslim. NT 1997. |
| Gambia |
| Language name |
PULAAR |
| Population |
233,300 in Gambia (1998). |
| Alternate names |
FULFULDE-PULAAR, PULAAR FULFULDE, PEUL, PEULH, FULBE JEERI, FULANI |
| Dialects |
FULACUNDA (FULAKUNDA, FULKUNDA), TOUCOULEUR (TUKOLOR, TUKULOR, HALPULAAR, HAALPULAAR). |
| Comments |
Bilingualism in Mandinka. Fulbe Jeeri, Toucouleur, and Fulacunda are ethnic groups that speaks Pulaar. An official literacy committee is concerned with Pulaar. Muslim, Christian. NT 1997. See main entry under Senegal. |
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| Guinea |
| Language name |
FULFULDE, PULAAR |
| Population |
24,000 in Guinea (1991). |
| Alternate names |
PULAAR, PEUL, PEULH, HAALPULAAR |
| Dialects |
TOUCOULEUR (TUKULOR, TUKOLOR, PULAAR), FULACUNDA (FULAKUNDA, FULKUNDA, FULA PRETO). |
| Comments |
Guinea has an extensive literature in Pulaar. All of the primary and some secondary schools are taught in Pulaar. Many Arabic loans. The official orthography is different from that used elsewhere. Muslim. NT 1997. See main entry under Senegal. |
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| Guinea-Bissau |
| Language name |
PULAAR |
| Population |
217,800 in Guinea-Bissau (1998). |
| Alternate names |
FULFULDE-PULAAR, PULAAR FULFULDE, PEUL, PEULH |
| Dialects |
FULACUNDA (FULAKUNDA, FULKUNDA, FULA PRETO, FULA FORRO). |
| Comments |
There are five Fulfulde varieties in Guinea-Bissau. Fula Forro are 'free' Fulas; Fulacunda are 'slave' Fulas. Muslim. NT 1997. See main entry under Senegal. |
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| Mali |
| Language name |
PULAAR |
| Population |
175,000 in Mali, including 40,000 Fulbe Jeeri (1995). |
| Alternate names |
PULAAR FULFULDE, PEUL, PEUHL |
| Dialects |
TOUCOULEUR (TUKOLOR, TUKULOR, PULAAR, HALPULAAR, HAALPULAAR, FULBE JEERI). |
| Comments |
Related to Maasina Fulfulde but distinct. Fulbe Jeeri is an ethnic group which speaks this language as mother tongue. Muslim. NT 1997. See main entry under Senegal. |
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| Mauritania |
| Language name |
PULAAR |
| Population |
150,000 in Mauritania. |
| Alternate names |
PEUL |
| Dialects |
TOUCOULEUR (TUKULOR, PULAAR, HAALPULAAR). |
| Comments |
Fuuta Tooro (Fouta Toro) was a major Toucouleur geo-political state, which has its seat in northern Senegal and is also in Mauritania. Muslim. NT 1997. See main entry under Senegal. |
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