| Population |
25,725,000 in mainland China, 2.5% of the population (1984). Population total all countries 33,000,000 (1999 WA). |
| Region |
Spoken in many parts of mainland China side by side with other dialects. Greatest concentration of speakers in eastern and northeastern Guangdong, otherwise especially in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan, and Sichuan. Also spoken in Brunei, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Indonesia (Java and Bali), Malaysia (Peninsular), Mauritius, New Zealand, Panama, Singapore, South Africa, Suriname, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, USA. |
| Alternate names |
HAKKA, HOKKA, KEJIA, KECHIA, KE, XINMINHUA, MAJIAHUA, TU GUANGDONGHUA |
| Dialects |
YUE-TAI (MEIXIAN, RAOPING, TAIWAN KEJIA), YUEZHONG (CENTRAL GUANGDONG), HUIZHOU, YUEBEI (NORTHERN GUANGDONG), TINGZHOU (MIN-KE), NING-LONG (LONGNAN), YUGUI, TONGGU. |
| Classification |
Sino-Tibetan, Chinese. |
| Comments |
Meixian is now the standard dialect. Bible 1916. |
| Brunei |
| Language name |
CHINESE, HAKKA |
| Population |
3,000 in Brunei, 5.94% of ethnic Chinese (1979). 44,400 speakers of all Chinese languages (1989). |
| Alternate names |
HAKKA |
| Comments |
Bible 1916. See main entry under China. |
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| French Guiana |
| Language name |
CHINESE, HAKKA |
| Population |
5,000 in French Guiana. |
| Comments |
Bilingual. They have preserved their language. Bible 1916. See main entry under China. |
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| French Polynesia |
| Language name |
CHINESE, HAKKA |
| Population |
19,200 in French Polynesia (1987), 2% of the population. |
| Alternate names |
HAKKA |
| Comments |
Many are shifting to Tahitian. Buddhist, Christian, Chinese traditional religion. Bible 1916. See main entry under China. |
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| Indonesia (Java and Bali) |
| Language name |
CHINESE, HAKKA |
| Population |
640,000 speakers (1982 CCCOWE). |
| Comments |
Bible 1916. See main entry under China. |
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| Malaysia (Peninsular) |
| Language name |
CHINESE, HAKKA |
| Population |
985,635 in Malaysia, including 786,097 in Peninsular Malaysia, 109,060 in Sarawak, 90,478 in Sabah (1980 census). |
| Comments |
Bible 1916. See main entry under China. |
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| Panama |
| Language name |
CHINESE, HAKKA |
| Population |
6,000 speakers in Panama out of an ethnic group of 30,000 to 60,000 including Cantonese (1981 MARC). |
| Comments |
Bilingualism in Spanish. Merchants. Bible 1916. See main entry under China. |
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| Singapore |
| Language name |
CHINESE, HAKKA |
| Population |
69,000 speakers in Singapore (1980), or 2.9% of the population, out of 151,000 in the ethnic group (1993). |
| Alternate names |
KHEK, KEK, KEHIA, KECHIA, KE, HOKKA |
| Comments |
Bible 1916. See main entry under China. |
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| Suriname |
| Language name |
CHINESE, HAKKA |
| Population |
6,000 in Suriname out of an ethnic group of 12,000 Chinese, including Yue. |
| Comments |
Bible 1916. See main entry under China. |
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| Taiwan |
| Language name |
CHINESE, HAKKA |
| Population |
2,366,000 in Taiwan (1993), 11% of the population. |
| Dialects |
HAILU (HOILUK, HOILLUK, HI-LU), SANHSIEN (SHIGEN, SHIXIEN, SHI XIEN). |
| Comments |
Sanhsien closely resembles Yuetai of Mainland China. Hailu closely resembles Yong-Ting or Yuqui of Mainland China. Settled in Taiwan for 200 years. Bible 1916. See main entry under China. |
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| Thailand |
| Language name |
CHINESE, HAKKA |
| Population |
58,800 in Thailand, 1% of Chinese-speaking Chinese in Thailand (1984 estimate). |
| Alternate names |
HAKKA |
| Comments |
Business class. Bible 1916. See main entry under China. |
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