Brazil

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1 (National)

Portuguese

[por] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1988, Constitution, Article 13). 187,000,000 in Brazil (1998).

4 (Educational)

Canela

[ram] 4 (Educational). 2,500 (2008 FUNASA).

Gavião do Jiparaná

[gvo] 4 (Educational). 340 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 520 (2004 Kaninde).

Guajajára

[gub] 4 (Educational). 13,100 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 19,500 (2006 FUNASA).

Guaraní, Mbyá

[gun] 4 (Educational). 6,000 in Brazil (2008 CTI). Most children, women and elders are monolingual (Crevels 2007). Population total all countries: 15,050.

Hixkaryána

[hix] 4 (Educational). 600 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 680 (Moore 2006).

Jamamadí

[jaa] 4 (Educational). 800 (Moore 2006). 220 Banawa Yafi (Kitiya) mostly monolingual; 160 ethnic Jarawara, also mostly monolingual (Crevels 2007).

Nambikuára, Southern

[nab] 4 (Educational). 720 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 720 (Moore 2006).

Palikúr

[plu] 4 (Educational). 1,290 in Brazil (2010 IEPE). Population total all countries: 1,540.

Sateré-Mawé

[mav] 4 (Educational). 9160 (2008 FUNASA).

Talian

[vec] 4 (Educational).

Tapirapé

[taf] 4 (Educational). 560 (2006 Projeto Aranowayao).

Xavánte

[xav] 4 (Educational). 9,600 (Moore 2006). 7,000 monolinguals.

5 (Developing)

Apalaí

[apy] 5 (Developing). 450 (1993 SIL). 100 monolinguals.

Apinayé

[apn] 5 (Developing). 1,260 (2003 FUNASA). Ethnic population: 1,525 (2006 FUNASA).

Bakairí

[bkq] 5 (Developing). 950 (1999 ISA).

Dení

[dny] 5 (Developing). 740 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 880 (2006 FUNASA).

Enawené-Nawé

[unk] 5 (Developing). 320 (Moore 2006). Most are still monolingual (2007). Ethnic population: 540 (2009 FUNASA).

Guajá

[gvj] 5 (Developing). 280 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 370 (1995 AMTB).

Hupdë

[jup] 5 (Developing). 1,000 in Brazil (Crevels 2007). Population total all countries: 1,240. Ethnic population: 1,000 (Crevels 2007).

Ikpeng

[txi] 5 (Developing). 310 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 340 (2006 FUNASA).

Kaapor

[urb] 5 (Developing). 800 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 990 (2006 FUNASA).

Kaiwá

[kgk] 5 (Developing). 18,000 (2003 ISA).

Karitiâna

[ktn] 5 (Developing). 210 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 320 (2005 ISA).

Katukína, Panoan

[knt] 5 (Developing). 700 (2010 S. Kennell). Ethnic population: 700 (S. Kennell).

Kayabí

[kyz] 5 (Developing). 1,000 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 1,620 (2006 FUNASA).

Marúbo

[mzr] 5 (Developing). 1,250 (2006 FUNASA).

Maxakalí

[mbl] 5 (Developing). 1,270 (2006 FUNASA).

Nadëb

[mbj] 5 (Developing). 400 (Moore 2006). Deb, a separate ethnic group from the Nadëb, now reclaiming their identity by using Nadëb. 280 Deb (2008 M. Rodriquez), 580 Nadëb (2009 FUNASA). Ethnic population: 850 (2010 S. Anonby).

Ninam

[shb] 5 (Developing). 800 in Brazil (2010 C. Luz). Most are monolingual. About evenly divided between northern and southern dialects. 15,700 for all Yanomam groups in Brazil (2006 FUNASA). Population total all countries: 900. Ethnic population: 1,200 (C. Luz).

Pakaásnovos

[pav] 5 (Developing). 1930 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 2,720 (2006 FUNASA).

Panará

[kre] 5 (Developing). 375 (2008 SIL). Ethnic population: 380.

Parakanã

[pak] 5 (Developing). 900 (Fausto 1995). Ethnic population: 900 (2004 ISA).

Parecís

[pab] 5 (Developing). 2000 (2008 AER Tangara da Serra).

Suruí

[sru] 5 (Developing). 1,010 (2006 FUNASA).

Ticuna

[tca] 5 (Developing). 32,600 in Brazil (1998 ISA). Population total all countries: 47,200.

Trió

[tri] 5 (Developing). 730 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Most are monolingual. Ethnic population: 900 (2003 ISA).

Waimiri-Atroarí

[atr] 5 (Developing). 930 (2001 ISA). Ethnic population: 930 (Moore 2006).

Waiwai

[waw] 5 (Developing). 2,020 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Population total all countries: 2,230. Ethnic population: 2,900 (2005 ISA).

Waurá

[wau] 5 (Developing). 320 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 320 (Moore 2006).

Wayampi

[oym] 5 (Developing). 530 in Brazil (2000 SIL). Includes 520 speakers of Amapari, 10 of Oiapoque. Population total all countries: 1,180.

Xerénte

[xer] 5 (Developing). 1,810 (2000 ISA). Ethnic population: 1,810 (Moore 2006).

Yanomamö

[guu] 5 (Developing). 4,000 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Most are monolingual. ISA (2000) gives 11,700 for all Yanomam groups in Brazil.

Yuhup

[yab] 5 (Developing). 400 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Population total all countries: 500.

6a (Vigorous)

Arára, Pará

[aap] 6a (Vigorous). 340 (2010 I. Souza).

Ashéninka, Ucayali-Yurúa

[cpb] 6a (Vigorous). 870 in Brazil (2004 CPI-AC).

Brazilian Sign Language

[bzs] 6a (Vigorous). De facto language of national identity (2005, Parliamentary decree No. 5626). 3,000,000 use Brazilian Sign Language as their first language of communication.

Caló

[rmq] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 in Brazil.

Cinta Larga

[cin] 6a (Vigorous). 1,300 (Moore 2006). Nearly all are monolingual. Ethnic population: 1,440 (2006 FUNASA).

Jurúna

[jur] 6a (Vigorous). 280 (Moore 2006). 1 speaker left in the Terra Indígena Paquiçamba in 1989; 35 ethnic group members in the TI Paquiçamba (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 360 (2006 FUNASA).

Kaapor Sign Language

[uks] 6a (Vigorous). 7 (1986 J. Kakumasu). Deaf users are monolingual.

Kamayurá

[kay] 6a (Vigorous). 400 (2011 S. Drude). Ethnic population: 520 (2009 FUNASA).

Kanamarí

[knm] 6a (Vigorous). 1,330 (Moore 2006). 100 Tsohom-Djapa speakers (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 2,750 (2006 FUNASA).

Krahô

[xra] 6a (Vigorous). 1,900 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 2,180 (2006 FUNASA).

Krikati-Timbira

[xri] 6a (Vigorous). 680 (2005 FUNASA). Ethnic population: 680 (2005 FUNASA).

Matís

[mpq] 6a (Vigorous). 320 (2008 ISA).

Matsés

[mcf] 6a (Vigorous). 830 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 1,590 (2006 FUNASA).

Mehináku

[mmh] 6a (Vigorous). 230 (2006 FUNASA). All Mehinaku still speak their mother tongue (Crevels 2007). Combined Waura [wau] and Mehinaku speakers: 600 (2011). Ethnic population: 230 (2006 FUNASA).

Pirahã

[myp] 6a (Vigorous). 360 (2000 ISA). Most are monolingual. Ethnic population: 1,500 (1995 SIL). Pirahã small group, Múra larger.

Suruí do Pará

[mdz] 6a (Vigorous). 260 (2006 FUNASA).

Suyá

[suy] 6a (Vigorous). 350 (2006 FUNASA). 330 Suya (main dialect); 58 Tapayúna (1995 ISA). All Tapayuna speak their native language (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 350 (2006 FUNASA).

Yawanawa

[ywn] 6a (Vigorous). 520 (2006 FUNASA). Includes 360 Shanenawa (2002 FUNAI). Scattered; only 1 village of 100 people.

6b (Threatened)

Aikanã

[tba] 6b (Threatened). 180 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 260 (Moore 2006).

Amundava

[adw] 6b (Threatened). 83 (2003 ISA). Crevels 2007 groups the Amundava together with the Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau [urz] for a total population of 170 (2003).

Apurinã

[apu] 6b (Threatened). 2,780 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 6,988 (2010 FUNASA).

Araweté

[awt] 6b (Threatened). 280 (Moore 2006). Nearly all are monolingual (1986). Ethnic population: 300 (2003 ISA).

Asurini of Xingú

[asn] 6b (Threatened). 120 (2006 ISA). Ethnic population: 124 (2006 ISA).

Awetí

[awe] 6b (Threatened). 170 (2011 S. Drude).

Baniwa

[bwi] 6b (Threatened). 5,460 in Brazil (1983 SIL). Population total all countries: 6,070. Ethnic population: 5,150 (Crevels 2007).

Borôro

[bor] 6b (Threatened). 1,390 in Brazil (2007 ISA). Population total all countries: 1,392.

Cashinahua

[cbs] 6b (Threatened). 400 in Brazil (2003). Ethnic population: 1,400 (2000 ISA).

Dâw

[kwa] 6b (Threatened). 85 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 85 (Crevels 2007).

Desano

[des] 6b (Threatened). 960 in Brazil (1995 SIL). Population total all countries: 3,420. Ethnic population: 1,530 (Moore 2006).

Guanano

[gvc] 6b (Threatened). 450 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Population total all countries: 750.

Himarimã

[hir] 6b (Threatened). 40.

Kadiwéu

[kbc] 6b (Threatened). 1,590 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 1,630 (2006 FUNASA).

Kaingang

[kgp] 6b (Threatened). 18,000 (1989 SIL). Ethnic population: 25,900.

Karajá

[kpj] 6b (Threatened). 2,670 (Moore 2006). Karajá 1,860, Javaé 800, Xambioá 10 (D. Moore). Ethnic population: 3,190 (2009 FUNASA).

Karipuna Creole French

[kmv] 6b (Threatened). 2,400 (2008 SIL). 4,500 all speakers in Brazil.

Kayapó

[txu] 6b (Threatened). 7,100 (Moore 2006). 3,950 monolinguals. 19 communities in regular contact with outsiders; also 3–4 isolated Kayapó groups of 30–100 people (Crevels 2007).

Kuikúro-Kalapálo

[kui] 6b (Threatened). 1,010 (2006 FUNASA). 510 Kuikúro and 500 Kalapálo.

Kulina

[cul] 6b (Threatened). 3,500 in Brazil (2006 ISA). Population total all countries: 3,900.

Macushi

[mbc] 6b (Threatened). 16,500 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Population total all countries: 18,030. Ethnic population: 23,400 (2001 FUNASA).

Mamaindé

[wmd] 6b (Threatened). 330 (2007).

Morerebi

[xmo] 6b (Threatened). 100 (2000).

Mundurukú

[myu] 6b (Threatened). 7500 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 10,100 (2002 FUNASA).

Pemon

[aoc] 6b (Threatened). 530 in Brazil (Moore 2006).

Piratapuyo

[pir] 6b (Threatened). 1,430 in Brazil (2005 FOIRN). Population total all countries: 1,880.

Plautdietsch

[pdt] 6b (Threatened). 8,000 in Brazil (Salminen 2007). 110,735 or more in Latin America are fairly monolingual.

Suruahá

[swx] 6b (Threatened). 140 (Moore 2006). All monolingual.

Tenharim

[pah] 6b (Threatened). 580 (Moore 2006). 590 Tenharim, 160 Parintintin, 50 Diahhoi (2000 ISA). Ethnic population: 790 (2000 ISA).

Tucano

[tuo] 6b (Threatened). 4,600 in Brazil (Moore 2006). 46 Wasona speakers, 16 of them intermarried with other groups (González de Pérez 2000). Population total all countries: 6,600.

Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau

[urz] 6b (Threatened). 87 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 87 (Moore 2006).

Uru-Pa-In

[urp] 6b (Threatened). 200 (1995 SIL).

Yanomámi

[wca] 6b (Threatened). 6,000 (Moore 2006). Most are monolingual. 11,700 for all Yanomam groups in Brazil (2000 ISA). Ethnic population: 9,000 (1994 SIL).

Zo’é

[pto] 6b (Threatened). 150 (1998 ISA). Ethnic population: 150 (Moore 2006).

7 (Shifting)

Asurini, Tocantins

[asu] 7 (Shifting). 300 (2001 ISA). Ethnic population: 303 (Moore 2006).

Chiquitano

[cax] 7 (Shifting). Ethnic population: 2,000 (2000 ISA).

Chiripá

[nhd] 7 (Shifting). 4,900 in Brazil (1995 AMTB). Ethnic population: 8,000–10,000 (2003 ISA).

Curripaco

[kpc] 7 (Shifting). 1,250 in Brazil (2001 ISA).

Hunsrik

[hrx] 7 (Shifting). 3,000,000 in Brazil. Ethnic population: 5,000,000.

Iatê

[fun] 7 (Shifting). 2,930 (1999 ISA).

Ingarikó

[ake] 7 (Shifting). 670 in Brazil (Moore 2006).

Karo

[arr] 7 (Shifting). 210 (2006 KANINDE). Spoken by almost everyone in the two villages (Crevels 2007).

Kaxararí

[ktx] 7 (Shifting). 270 (2001 ISA). Ethnic population: 320 (2009 FUNASA).

Machinere

[mpd] 7 (Shifting). 940 in Brazil (2004 CPI-AC). Population total all countries: 1,080.

Nhengatu

[yrl] 7 (Shifting). 10,300 in Brazil (2005 FOIRN). Population total all countries: 19,060.

Paumarí

[pad] 7 (Shifting). 290 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 870 (2000).

Pokangá

[pok] 7 (Shifting). 100 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 300 (1988 ISA).

Sanumá

[xsu] 7 (Shifting). 460 in Brazil (Moore 2006). ISA (2000) gives 11,700 for all Yanomam groups in Brazil.

Tariana

[tae] 7 (Shifting). 100 in Brazil (Aikhenvald 1996). Ethnic population: 1,910 (2002 ISA).

Tembé

[tqb] 7 (Shifting). 150 (2000 SIL). Tembé: 820 (1999), Turiwara: 60 (1998). Ethnic population: 880 (Crevels 2007).

Terêna

[ter] 7 (Shifting). 15,800 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 16,000 (2001).

Wapishana

[wap] 7 (Shifting). 6,500 in Brazil (2000 ISA).

Xokleng

[xok] 7 (Shifting). 760 (1998 ISA).

Yaminahua

[yaa] 7 (Shifting). 620 in Brazil (Moore 2006).

8a (Moribund)

Akuntsu

[aqz] 8a (Moribund). 6 (2009 SIL).

Aruá

[arx] 8a (Moribund). 12 (1990 YWAM). Ethnic population: 58 (Moore 2006).

Atorada

[aox] 8a (Moribund). Few in Brazil (2000).

Galibi

[car] 8a (Moribund). 28 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 1,800 (2000 ISA).

Gavião, Pará

[gvp] 8a (Moribund). Two distinct ethnic groups speak Para Gaviao: Parakatêjê and Pukobjê. Ethnic population: 340 Parakatêjê, 470 Pukobjê (2005 ISA).

Itene

[ite] 8a (Moribund). 12 in Brazil (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 30 (2002).

Karipuna

[kuq] 8a (Moribund). 10 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 21 (2001).

Krenak

[kqq] 8a (Moribund). 10 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 150 (Moore 2006).

Latundê

[ltn] 8a (Moribund). 10 (2010 S. Anonby). Ethnic population: 20 (2010 S. Anonby).

Makuráp

[mpu] 8a (Moribund). 45 (de Olivera Braga 1992). Ethnic population: 130 (Crevels 2007).

Maquiritari

[mch] 8a (Moribund). 430 in Brazil (2000 ISA).

Ofayé

[opy] 8a (Moribund). 2 (2005 S. Anonby). Ethnic population: 60 (2006 FUNASA).

Patamona

[pbc] 8a (Moribund). Ethnic population: 50 (Crevels 2007).

Rikbaktsa

[rkb] 8a (Moribund). 40 (2010 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,140 (2006 FUNASA).

Salumá

[slj] 8a (Moribund). 240 (2000).

Sikiana

[sik] 8a (Moribund). 33 in Brazil (1986 SIL). Population total all countries: 48.

Siriano

[sri] 8a (Moribund). 17 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 52 (2009 FUNASA).

Tawandê

[xtw] 8a (Moribund).

Trumai

[tpy] 8a (Moribund). 51 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 120 (Moore 2006).

Tuparí

[tpr] 8a (Moribund). 340 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 380.

Wajiara

[yui] 8a (Moribund). 50 in Brazil (1991 SIL).

Wayana

[way] 8a (Moribund). 150 in Brazil. Wayana and Aparai are registered as a single group of 420 members (1998). Ethnic population: 450 (Moore 2006).

Wayoró

[wyr] 8a (Moribund). 8 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 77 (Moore 2006).

8b (Nearly extinct)

Amahuaca

[amc] 8b (Nearly extinct). 220 in Brazil (1995).

Anambé

[aan] 8b (Nearly extinct). 6 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 130 (2000 ISA).

Apiaká

[api] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 (Tempesta 2009). Ethnic population: 1,000 (Tempesta).

Arikapú

[ark] 8b (Nearly extinct). 2 (2009 FUNASA). Ethnic population: 32 (2009 FUNASA).

Arutani

[atx] 8b (Nearly extinct). 17 in Brazil (1986 SIL). Population total all countries: 42.

Avá-Canoeiro

[avv] 8b (Nearly extinct). 14 (Moore 2006). All speakers are monolingual. Ethnic population: 46 (2009 ISA).

Baré

[bae] 8b (Nearly extinct). Spoken by a few elders (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 1,220 (Crevels 2007).

Cafundo Creole

[ccd] 8b (Nearly extinct). 40 (1978 M. Gnerre).

Cocama-Cocamilla

[cod] 8b (Nearly extinct). Ethnic population: 620 (Moore 2006).

Cubeo

[cub] 8b (Nearly extinct). 150 in Brazil (1986 SIL). Ethnic population: 290 (2001).

Guarequena

[gae] 8b (Nearly extinct). 490 in Brazil (Moore 2006).

Guató

[gta] 8b (Nearly extinct). 4 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 370 (2008 FUNASA).

Irántxe

[irn] 8b (Nearly extinct). 40 (2010 SIL). Ethnic population: 360 (2006 ISA).

Jabutí

[jbt] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 (Van der Voort 2008). Ethnic population: 190 (2009 FUNASA).

Júma

[jua] 8b (Nearly extinct). 7 (Moore 2006). 5 speakers belong to one family, all married to Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau [urz] (Crevels 2007).

Kanoé

[kxo] 8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 95 (Crevels 2007).

Karahawyana

[xkh] 8b (Nearly extinct). 40 (1995 SIL).

Karapanã

[cbc] 8b (Nearly extinct). 42 in Brazil (Moore 2006).

Katawixi

[xat] 8b (Nearly extinct). 10 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 250 (Moore 2006).

Korubo

[xor] 8b (Nearly extinct). 26 (2007 FPEVJ). Ethnic population: 250 (2000 ISA).

Kulina Pano

[xpk] 8b (Nearly extinct). 32 (2007 SIL).

Kuruáya

[kyr] 8b (Nearly extinct). 3 (Moore 2006). 115 (2002) in Cajueiro village (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 130 (2006 FUNASA).

Kwaza

[xwa] 8b (Nearly extinct). 25 (2005 SIL). 7–25 speakers remaining (2010 S. Anonby). Ethnic population: 40.

Lakondê

[lkd] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 (2007).

Macuna

[myy] 8b (Nearly extinct). 170 in Brazil (Moore 2006).

Mapidian

[mpw] 8b (Nearly extinct). 10 in Brazil (Moore 2006).

Mondé

[mnd] 8b (Nearly extinct). 2 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 10.

Oro Win

[orw] 8b (Nearly extinct). 2 (2010 SIL). Ethnic population: 55 (1998).

Puruborá

[pur] 8b (Nearly extinct). 2 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 50 (Moore 2006).

Sabanê

[sae] 8b (Nearly extinct). 7 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 40 (Crevels 2007).

Sakirabiá

[skf] 8b (Nearly extinct). 25 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 66 (Moore 2006).

Shanenawa

[swo] 8b (Nearly extinct). 9 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 360 (2002 FUNAI).

Sharanahua

[mcd] 8b (Nearly extinct). 3 in Brazil (2007 S. Anonby). Ethnic population: 200.

Tuyuca

[tue] 8b (Nearly extinct). 590 in Brazil (Moore 2006).

Umotína

[umo] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 120 (1999).

Waimaha

[bao] 8b (Nearly extinct). 39 in Brazil (Moore 2006).

Xipaya

[xiy] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 (2011 SIL). The ethnic population probably includes Kuruaya [kyr] as they are sometimes considered a single ethnic group. There were 8 elders of Kuruaya and Xipaya descendance in Altamira reported to speak the native language in 2007 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 600 (2002 ISA).

Yawalapití

[yaw] 8b (Nearly extinct). 8 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 220 (Moore 2006).

9 (Dormant)

Amanayé

[ama] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 190 (2001 ISA).

Arapaso

[arj] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 320 (Moore 2006).

Arára, Mato Grosso

[axg] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 150 (1994 ISA).

Guana

[gqn] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 250 (2005 ISA).

Kaimbé

[xai] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 1,100–1,400 (1986 SIL).

Kamba

[xba] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 2,000 (1986 SIL).

Kambiwá

[xbw] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 1,580 (1999).

Kapinawá

[xpn] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 420 (Crevels 2007).

Karirí-Xocó

[kzw] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 3,570 (Crevels 2007).

Katukína

[kav] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 590 (2008 FUNASA).

Kaxuiâna

[kbb] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 69 (1998 ISA).

Matipuhy

[mzo] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 220 (Crevels 2007).

Miranha

[boa] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers in Brazil. Ethnic population: 610 (1997 ISA).

Miriti

[mmv] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 95 (1998).

Nukuini

[nuc] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 460 (2001).

Omagua

[omg] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers in Brazil. Ethnic population: 160 (2000 ISA).

Pankararé

[pax] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 1,500.

Pankararú

[paz] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 5,880.

Paranawát

[paf] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 50–100 (1986 SIL).

Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe

[pth] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. 2,790 Pataxó and 1,870 Pataxó Hã Hã Hãe (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 4,660 (1998).

Potiguára

[pog] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 8,450 (2002).

Poyanáwa

[pyn] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 400 (1999 ISA).

Tapeba

[tbb] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 2,490.

Tingui-Boto

[tgv] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 350 (2002).

Torá

[trz] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 51 (1999).

Tremembé

[tme] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 1,510 (1999).

Truká

[tka] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 1,330 (1999).

Tupinikin

[tpk] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 1,390.

Turiwára

[twt] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The Tembé [tqb] seem to have assimilated the closely related Turiwara group. Ethnic population: 30 (1995 SIL).

Tuxá

[tud] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 1,630 (1999).

Uamué

[uam] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 2,740 (Crevels 2007).

Wakoná

[waf] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 500 to 1,000 (1995 SIL).

Wasu

[wsu] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 1,450.

Xakriabá

[xkr] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 6,000 (Crevels 2007).

Xetá

[xet] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 8 (1998).

Xiriâna

[xir] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 900 (2000).

Xukurú

[xoo] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 6,360 (1999).

Yabaâna

[ybn] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 90 (1986 SIL).

10 (Extinct)

Acroá

[acs] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Agavotaguerra

[avo] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Arikem

[ait] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Aurá

[aux] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Iapama

[iap] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Kabixí

[xbx] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Kaingáng, São Paulo

[zkp] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Kamakan

[vkm] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Karipuna

[kgm] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Kepkiriwát

[kpn] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Koropó

[xxr] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Kreye

[xre] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Maritsauá

[msp] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Oti

[oti] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Otuke

[otu] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Puri

[prr] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Tukumanféd

[tkf] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Tuxináwa

[tux] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Urumi

[uru] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Wiraféd

[wir] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Xipináwa

[xip] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Ethnologue

Brazil

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Brazil

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