Cambodia
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Brao
[brb] Northeast Cambodia, north Ratanakiri Province, especially Ta Veaeng district, north of Sesan river. 9,030 in Cambodia (2008 census). 50% monolingual. About 2,000 of the Brao counted in the census are Brao Tanap, which is actually more similar to Krung [krr]. Ethnic population: 9,030. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Braou, Brou, Lave, Laveh, Love, Proue Dialects: Hamong, Jrii, Ka-nying, Lun, Ombaa.
Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Brao-Kravet Comments: Krung [krr], Brao [brb], Kavet [krv], and Lun dialect [brb] form a mutually-intelligible cluster. At times, Brao may be used as a cover term for all groups. Traditional religion, Christian.
Cham, Western
[cja] Near major cities; Kampong Cham and Kampong Chnang along Mekong and Tonle Sap rivers. Also in France, Libya, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, United States, Viet Nam, Yemen. 204,000 in Cambodia (2008 census). No monolinguals. Population total all countries: 246,990. Ethnic population: 400,000 est. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Cambodian Cham, Cham, New Cham, Tjam Dialects: Cannot communicate with Eastern Cham [cjm] of central Viet Nam. Lexical similarity: 84% with Eastern Cham [cjm] of Vietnam (Pawley 2010), 69% with Jarai [jra] of northeast Cambodia.
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Chamic, Chamic, Coastal, Cham Comments: Small ethnic groups from Cambodia settled in Thailand but no longer speak Cham (2007). Muslim (Sunni).
Chinese, Hakka
[hak] Stung Treng, Ratanakiri. 500 in Cambodia (2011 SIL). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
Chinese, Yue
[yue] Kampong Cham, Battambang. 20,000 in Cambodia (2011 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
English
[eng] Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto national working language. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English
French
[fra] Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French
Jarai
[jra] Ratanakiri Province, Bar Kaev, Andoung Meas, Ou Ya Dav districts principally, northeast border near Viet Nam. 20,800 in Cambodia (2008 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Chor, Cho-Rai, Chrai, Djarai, Gia-Rai, Gio-Rai, Jorai, Mthur Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Chamic, Chamic, Highlands Comments: Traditional religion, Christian.
Kaco’
[xkk] Ratanakiri Province, Andoung Meas and Veun Sai districts. 3,370 (2007). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kachah’ Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, North Bahnaric
Kavet
[krv] Stung Treng and Ratanakiri provinces, Laos-Cambodia border area. 6,220 (2008 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Khvek, Kowet, Kravet Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Brao-Kravet
Khmer, Central
[khm] Widespread. Also in Canada, China, France, Laos, United States, Viet Nam. 12,900,000 in Cambodia (2008 census). Population total all countries: 14,224,500. Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1993, Constitution, Article 5). Alternate Names: Cambodian, Khmer Dialects: Battambang Khmer, Cardamom Khmer, Khmer Kandal (Central), Khmer Keh (Stung Treng), Khmer Krom (Southern). Distinct from Northern Khmer [kxm] of Thailand.
Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Khmer
Kraol
[rka] Kratie Province. 4,200 (2008 census). All monolingual. Status: 6b (Threatened). Dialects: Not intelligible to speakers of Mnong [cmo].
Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, South Bahnaric, Sre-Mnong, Mnong, Southern-Central Mnong Comments: Different from Kraol dialect of Kuy [kdt].
Kru’ng 2
[krr] Stung Treng and Ratanakiri provinces, Laos-Cambodia border area. 20,700 (2008 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Brao Krung, Kreung Dialects: Brao Tanap, Lun. Brao [brb] and Kavet [krv] are inherently intelligible with Kru’ng 2.
Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Brao-Kravet Comments: Different from Krung 1 dialect of Rade [rad] in Viet Nam.
Kuy
[kdt] Northeast Cambodia, Preah Vihear Province, most districts; east Siem Reap, north Kampong Thom, west Stung Traeng, and Kratie provinces. 10,000 in Cambodia. Ethnic population: 37,700. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Kuay Dialects: Kuy Ak, Kuy Anthua, Kuy Antra, Kuy May (Kuy Ma’ay), Kuy Mlor.
Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, West Katuic, Kuay-Nheu Comments: Central Khmer used in schools. Dialects are based on the use of their word for ‘what’: Kuy Antra (northern Kompong Thom, southern Preah Vihear), Kuy Anthua (central Preah Vihear), Kuy May or Ma’ay (in Kratie), Kuy Mlor (1 village in northern Preah Vihear); only the older people still speak the last 2 dialects.
Lao
[lao] 21,600 in Cambodia. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Tai, Southwestern
Mnong, Central
[cmo] Northeast, 80% of Mondolkiri Province, all districts. 37,500 in Cambodia (2008 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Budong, Bunong, Phanong, Phnong, Phong Dialects: Biat, Bu Dang, Bu Nar, Bu Rung, Dih Bri, Preh.
Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, South Bahnaric, Sre-Mnong, Mnong, Southern-Central Mnong Comments: Biat is main dialect.
Pear
[pcb] Preah Vihear Province, Rovieng district, 3 to 4 villages. 1,670 (2011). Ethnic population: 1,830 (2008 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Por Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Pearic, Eastern
Samre
Sa’och
[scq] Southwest near Kompong Som on the coast. 10 (2009 Filipi), decreasing. Ethnic population: 445. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Saotch, Sauch Dialects: Related to Samre [sxm], Suoy [syo], and Pear [pcb].
Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Pearic, Western, Chong
Somray
Stieng, Bulo
[sti] East, Kratie Province, Snuol district, and southern Mondolkiri. 6,540 in Cambodia (2008 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kajiang Dialects: Budip, Bulo.
Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, South Bahnaric, Stieng-Chrau
Suoy
Tampuan
[tpu] Northeast border area, Central Ratanakiri Province, south of Brao, west of Jarai. Also in Laos. 31,000 in Cambodia (2008 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Campuon, Kha Tampuon, Proon, Proons, Tamphuan, Tampuen, Tampuon Dialects: Related to Bahnar [bdq], but geographically separated.
Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, Central Bahnaric Comments: Exogamous clans, together with Kaco’ and Jarai, override ethnic and linguistic boundaries.
Thai
[tha] Thai Koh Kong in Koh Kong Province (200); Thai Norkor Raja in Banteay Meanchey Province (1,300). 2,460 in Cambodia (2008 census). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Dialects: Thai Koh Kong, Thai Norkor Raja (Siam Nokor, Siam Trang).
Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Tai, Southwestern
Vietnamese
[vie] 72,800 in Cambodia (2008 census). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong, Vietnamese