Myanmar

Burmese

[mya] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1974, Constitution, Articles 102, 152(b), 198). 32,000,000 in Myanmar (2000 D. Bradley), increasing. Population total all countries: 32,035,300.

2 (Provincial)

Wa, Parauk

[prk] 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in Shan State. 400,000 in Myanmar (2000 census). Population total all countries: 805,700.

3 (Wider communication)

Akha

[ahk] 3 (Wider communication). 200,000 in Myanmar (Bradley 2007). Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 563,960.

Chin, Haka

[cnh] 3 (Wider communication). 100,000 in Myanmar (1991 UBS). 2,000 Zokhua, 60,100 Lai (1983). Population total all countries: 125,000.

Jingpho

[kac] 3 (Wider communication). 900,000 in Myanmar (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 940,000.

Lahu

[lhu] 3 (Wider communication). 200,000 in Myanmar (2012 D. Bradley), increasing. Very few monolinguals.

Lisu

[lis] 3 (Wider communication). 300,000 in Myanmar (Bradley 2007). Very few monolinguals.

Rakhine

[rki] 3 (Wider communication). 600,000 in Myanmar (1931 census). Population total all countries: 800,000.

Shan

[shn] 3 (Wider communication). 3,200,000 in Myanmar (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Very few monolinguals. 350,000 Tai Mao (1990 A. Diller). Population total all countries: 3,295,000.

4 (Educational)

Mon

[mnw] 4 (Educational). 743,000 in Myanmar (2004), decreasing. Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 851,000. Ethnic population: 1,000,000.

5 (Dispersed)

Chinese, Mandarin

[cmn] 5 (Dispersed). 500,000 in Myanmar (1994).

5 (Developing)

Achang

[acn] 5 (Developing). 35,000 in Myanmar (2007). Very few monolinguals.

Chin, Asho

[csh] 5 (Developing). 30,000 in Myanmar (2011 SIL). Population total all countries: 34,000.

Chin, Bualkhaw

[cbl] 5 (Developing). 2,500 (2006).

Chin, Daai

[dao] 5 (Developing). 37,000 (2010).

Chin, Falam

[cfm] 5 (Developing). 69,000 in Myanmar. 9,000 Tashon, 16,000 Zanniat, 7,000 Khualshim, 4,000 Lente, 14,400 Zahao, 18,600 in Laizao (1983). Population total all countries: 107,300.

Chin, Khumi

[cnk] 5 (Developing). 60,000 in Myanmar (2006). Population total all countries: 62,090.

Chin, Mara

[mrh] 5 (Developing). 20,000 in Myanmar (1994).

Chin, Matu

[hlt] 5 (Developing). 30,000 in Myanmar (2012). Population total all countries: 40,000.

Chin, Mizo

[lus] 5 (Developing). 12,500 in Myanmar (1983 census).

Chin, Müün

[mwq] 5 (Developing). 15,000 (2011).

Chin, Ngawn

[cnw] 5 (Developing). 15,000 (1984).

Chin, Siyin

[csy] 5 (Developing). 10,000 (1991 UBS).

Chin, Tedim

[ctd] 5 (Developing). 189,000 in Myanmar (1990). Population total all countries: 344,000.

Chin, Thado

[tcz] 5 (Developing). 26,200 in Myanmar (1983 census).

Chin, Zotung

[czt] 5 (Developing). 40,000 (1990 UBS).

Chin, Zyphe

[zyp] 5 (Developing). 17,000 in Myanmar (1994). Population total all countries: 20,000.

Karen, Pwo Eastern

[kjp] 5 (Developing). 1,000,000 in Myanmar (1998). Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 1,050,000.

Karen, S’gaw

[ksw] 5 (Developing). 1,280,000 in Myanmar (1983 census). Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 1,480,000.

Kayah, Western

[kyu] 5 (Developing). 150,000 (2007). Very few monolinguals. 2,000 refugees in Thailand.

Khamti

[kht] 5 (Developing). 8,000 in Myanmar (2000). Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 13,000.

Khün

[kkh] 5 (Developing). 100,000 in Myanmar (Diller and Juntanamalaga 1990). Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 106,880.

Lashi

[lsi] 5 (Developing). 30,000 in Myanmar (2000 D. Bradley). Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 31,800.

Lhao Vo

[mhx] 5 (Developing). 100,000 in Myanmar (Bradley 1997). Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 103,500.

Lü

[khb] 5 (Developing). 200,000 in Myanmar (1981). Very few monolinguals.

Mru

[mro] 5 (Developing). 20,000 in Myanmar (1999 ABWE). Very few monolinguals.

Naga, Khiamniungan

[kix] 5 (Developing). 10,000 in Myanmar (2010).

Naga, Konyak

[nbe] 5 (Developing). 2,000 in Myanmar (2010).

Naga, Tase

[nst] 5 (Developing). 60,000 in Myanmar (2010). Population total all countries: 100,100.

Pa’o

[blk] 5 (Developing). 560,000 in Myanmar (1983 census). Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 560,740.

Rawang

[raw] 5 (Developing). 62,000 in Myanmar (2000). Population total all countries: 63,000.

Tai Nüa

[tdd] 5 (Developing). 72,400 in Myanmar (1983 census). Very few monolinguals.

Zaiwa

[atb] 5 (Developing). 30,000 in Myanmar (1997). Very few monolinguals.

[zom] 5 (Developing). 61,000 in Myanmar (2012 T. Philipzo). Population total all countries: 81,900.

6a (Vigorous)

Akeu

[aeu] 6a (Vigorous). 1,000 in Myanmar (2004). Very few monolinguals.

Blang

[blr] 6a (Vigorous). 12,000 in Myanmar (1994).

Chakma

[ccp] 6a (Vigorous).

Chin, Chinbon

[cnb] 6a (Vigorous). 19,600 (1983 census).

Chin, Eastern Khumi

[cek] 6a (Vigorous). 12,000 (2009 SIL). Very few monolinguals.

Chin, Kaang

[ckn] 6a (Vigorous). 1,000 (2010 SIL).

Chin, Laitu

[clj] 6a (Vigorous). 15,000 (2007 SIL).

Chin, Lautu

[clt] 6a (Vigorous). 15,000 (2005 SIL).

Chin, Rawngtu

[weu] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (2008).

Chin, Songlai

[csj] 6a (Vigorous). 7,300 (2012 SIL).

Chin, Sumtu

[csv] 6a (Vigorous). 14,000 (2007 SIL).

Chin, Tawr

[tcp] 6a (Vigorous). 700 (1996 D. van Bik).

Chin, Thaiphum

[cth] 6a (Vigorous). 1,000 (2005 SIL).

Danu

[dnv] 6a (Vigorous). 100,000 (Bradley 2007). Very few monolinguals.

Drung

[duu] 6a (Vigorous). 225 in Myanmar.

Hmong Njua

[hnj] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 in Myanmar (2000). Very few monolinguals.

Intha

[int] 6a (Vigorous). 90,000 (2000 D. Bradley).

Kanan

[zkn] 6a (Vigorous). 9,000 (2007 SIL). No monolinguals.

Karen, Geba

[kvq] 6a (Vigorous). 40,000 (2010 Geba Literature and Culture Committee). Very few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 10,000 (2000 D. Bradley).

Karen, Geko

[ghk] 6a (Vigorous). 17,000 (Manson 2010). Very few monolinguals.

Karen, Paku

[jkp] 6a (Vigorous). 5,300 (1983 census). Very few monolinguals.

Kayah, Eastern

[eky] 6a (Vigorous). 8,000 in Myanmar (2007). Very few monolinguals. Not including 15,000 refugees in Thailand (2007 Thailand Burma Border Consortium). Population total all countries: 26,000.

Kayan

[pdu] 6a (Vigorous). 133,000 in Myanmar (2005 E. Phan). Very few monolinguals. Population total all countries: 133,180.

Kayaw

[kvl] 6a (Vigorous). 16,600 (1983 census). Very few monolinguals.

Lahta

[kvt] 6a (Vigorous). 9,550 (2000). Very few monolinguals.

Lahu Shi

[lhi] 6a (Vigorous). 60,000 in Myanmar (2007). Very few monolinguals.

Manumanaw

[kxf] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 (2000 D. Bradley). Very few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 10,000 (2000 D. Bradley).

Naga, Akyaung Ari

[nqy] 6a (Vigorous). 1,000 (2004 SIL). Very few monolinguals.

Naga, Koki

[nxk] 6a (Vigorous). 2,000 (2004 SIL).

Naga, Kyan-Karyaw

[nqq] 6a (Vigorous). 9,000 (2012 SIL).

Naga, Lao

[nlq] 6a (Vigorous). 1,000 (2012 SIL).

Naga, Leinong

[lzn] 6a (Vigorous). 7,000 (2008).

Naga, Long Phuri

[lpn] 6a (Vigorous). 1,000 (2004).

Naga, Makuri

[jmn] 6a (Vigorous). 2,500 in Myanmar (2004). Population total all countries: 6,500.

Naga, Makyan

[umn] 6a (Vigorous). 4,000 (2008 SIL).

Naga, Para

[pzn] 6a (Vigorous). 1,500 (2004).

Naga, Ponyo-Gongwang

[npg] 6a (Vigorous). 4,500 (2008 SIL).

Naga, Tangkhul

[ntx] 6a (Vigorous). 4,000 (2004 SIL).

Palaung, Ruching

[pce] 6a (Vigorous). 258,000 in Myanmar (2000). Population total all countries: 272,000.

Palaung, Rumai

[rbb] 6a (Vigorous). 137,000 in Myanmar. Population total all countries: 140,600.

Palaung, Shwe

[pll] 6a (Vigorous). 148,000 in Myanmar (1982). Population total all countries: 150,000.

Pyen

[pyy] 6a (Vigorous). 700 (2011).

Rohingya

[rhg] 6a (Vigorous). 800,000 in Myanmar (2012). Due to unrest, numbers are very uncertain. Population total all countries: 1,800,000.

Samtao

[stu] 6a (Vigorous). 9,550 in Myanmar (2000). Population total all countries: 13,180.

Tai Loi

[tlq] 6a (Vigorous). 4,460 in Myanmar (2008). Population total all countries: 4,960.

Taungyo

[tco] 6a (Vigorous). 40,000 (2000 D. Bradley). Very few monolinguals.

Tavoyan

[tvn] 6a (Vigorous). 400,000 (2000 D. Bradley). Very few monolinguals.

Tibetan, Khams

[khg] 6a (Vigorous). 300 in Myanmar (2010 D. Bradley).

Yinbaw

[kvu] 6a (Vigorous). 7,300 (1983).

Zayein

[kxk] 6a (Vigorous). 9,300 (1983 census). Very few monolinguals. Population including Lahta [kvt] and Zayein [kxk]: 13,500 (Manson 2010).

6b (Threatened)

Anal

[anm] 6b (Threatened). 50 in Myanmar (2010).

Chak

[ckh] 6b (Threatened). 1,000 in Myanmar (Bradley 2007). Population total all countries: 4,000. Ethnic population: 1,600 (Bradley 2007).

Chin, Anu-Hkongso

[anl] 6b (Threatened). 4,000 (2008), decreasing. No monolinguals.

Chin, Bawm

[bgr] 6b (Threatened). 1,500 in Myanmar (2010), decreasing.

Chin, Mro-Khimi

[cmr] 6b (Threatened). 75,000 (2012 SIL).

Chin, Rungtu

[rtc] 6b (Threatened). No monolinguals.

Chin, Senthang

[sez] 6b (Threatened). 33,000 (2007 SIL).

Danau

[dnu] 6b (Threatened). 1,000 (Robinne 2000). Ethnic population: 5,000 (Robinne 2000).

Kadu

[zkd] 6b (Threatened). 30,000 (2007 SIL), decreasing. No monolinguals. Over 30 villages in Mawteik dialect (nearly extinct); over 30 villages in Settaw dialect; 5 villages in Mawkhwin dialect.

Karen, Bwe

[bwe] 6b (Threatened). 17,200 (1997 F. Bennett), decreasing. No monolinguals.

Karen, Mobwa

[jkm] 6b (Threatened). 4,000 (2010 SIL). Very few monolinguals. Also live mixed with Bwe Karen [bwe] and Paku Karen [jkp] in some villages.

Karen, Pwo Western

[pwo] 6b (Threatened). 210,000, decreasing. Very few monolinguals.

Moken

[mwt] 6b (Threatened). 4,000 in Myanmar (Bradley 2007). Population total all countries: 6,000.

Nusu

[nuf] 6b (Threatened). 670 in Myanmar (2011), decreasing. No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,500.

Riang

[ril] 6b (Threatened). 12,500 in Myanmar (2008). Population total all countries: 15,500.

Tai Laing

[tjl] 6b (Threatened). 100,000 (2010 SIL).

Yinchia

[yin] 6b (Threatened). 12,000 (2008), decreasing.

Yintale

[kvy] 6b (Threatened). 1,000 (2000 D. Bradley), decreasing. Very few monolinguals. Wa Awng village is main village, with 100 households. Ethnic population: 10,000 (2000 D. Bradley).

8a (Moribund)

Anong

[nun] 8a (Moribund). 400 in Myanmar (2000 D. Bradley), decreasing. One-third are speakers and another one-third have passive knowledge (Bradley 2007). Population total all countries: 800. Ethnic population: 6,000 (Bradley 2007).

8b (Nearly extinct)

Hpon

[hpo] 8b (Nearly extinct). 200 (Bradley 2007), decreasing. No monolinguals. Southern dialect extinct; northern dialect moribund; some older people remember lexical items but none can speak it (Bradley 2007). Ethnic population: 2,250 (2000).

9 (Dormant)

Taman

[tcl] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last Taman speaker died in 1990s. Descendants intermarried and now speak other languages.

9 (Second language only)

Pali

[pli] 9 (Second language only). No known L1 speakers in Myanmar.

10 (Extinct)

Wewaw

[wea] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers. The latest referent to the population is in the 1921 Burma census which lists 256 speakers. Note that the 1911 and 1931 census of Burma list 0 speakers of Wewaw.

Ethnologue

Myanmar

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