Peru

Spanish

[spa] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 26,000,000 in Peru (2011).

Quechua, Ayacucho

[quy] 3 (Wider communication). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 900,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 300,000 monolinguals.

Quechua, Cusco

[quz] 3 (Wider communication). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 1,500,000 (1989 UBS). 300,000–500,000 monolinguals. Total Quechua in Peru 3,500,000–4,400,000 including Quechua I 750,000, Quechua II 2,680,000 (2000 W. Adelaar). Ethnic population: 1,500,000.

4 (Educational)

Aguaruna

[agr] 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 38,300 (2000 SIL), increasing. Almost no monolinguals.

Quechua, Chachapoyas

[quk] 4 (Educational). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 7,000 (2003 SIL). 100–300 monolinguals (2003). Ethnic population: 7,000.

Quechua, Eastern Apurímac

[qve] 4 (Educational). Language of recognized nationality (1999, Constitution, Article 48). 200,000 (2002 SIL). 80,000 monolinguals (30% in towns, 60%–70% in remote areas, especially at high altitudes). Ethnic population: 200,000.

Quechua, Puno

[qxp] 4 (Educational). Language of recognized nationality (1999, Constitution, Article 48). 500,000. 100,000 monolinguals (2002).

5 (Developing)

Achuar-Shiwiar

[acu] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 3,000 in Peru. Majority are monolingual. Population total all countries: 7,000.

Asháninka

[cni] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 26,000 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 25,000 to 30,000 (2000 SIL).

Ashéninka, Ucayali-Yurúa

[cpb] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 7,000 in Peru (2001 SIL). Population total all countries: 7,870.

Candoshi-Shapra

[cbu] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 1,120 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 3,000 (Crevels 2007).

Caquinte

[cot] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 300 (2000 SIL), increasing. Ethnic population: 300.

Cashibo-Cacataibo

[cbr] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 1,150 (Crevels 2007). Some women over 50 monolingual. Ethnic population: 1,500 (Crevels 2007).

Chayahuita

[cbt] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 7,870 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 12,000 (Crevels 2007).

Culina

[cul] 5 (Developing). 400 in Peru (2002 Boyer), increasing. Primarily monolingual. Ethnic population: 400.

Ese Ejja

[ese] 5 (Developing). 230 in Peru (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 230 (Crevels 2007).

Huambisa

[hub] 5 (Developing). 9,330 (2000).

Kashinawa

[cbs] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 750 in Peru (Crevels 2007). Population total all countries: 1,150. Ethnic population: 1,000 (Crevels 2007).

Machiguenga

[mcb] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 5910 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 13,000 (Crevels 2007).

Matsés

[mcf] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 1,400 in Peru (2006 SIL). Population total all countries: 2,230.

Nomatsiguenga

[not] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 6,500 (2003 SIL). 5,500 to 6,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population about the same as the L1 population (Crevels 2007).

Peruvian Sign Language

[prl] 5 (Developing).

Quechua, Arequipa-La Unión

[qxu] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 18,600 (2000). 10,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 32,000.

Quechua, Cajamarca

[qvc] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 30,000 (2000 D. Coombs).

Quechua, Huallaga Huánuco

[qub] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 40,000 (1993 SIL). 66% monolingual.

Quechua, Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco

[qvh] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 72,400 (2000). 20,000–30,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 80,000–110,000.

Quechua, Huaylas Ancash

[qwh] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 336,000 (2000). Less than 20,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 300,000.

Quechua, Huaylla Wanca

[qvw] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 250,000 (2002 SIL).

Quechua, Lambayeque

[quf] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 20,000 (1998 SIL).

Quechua, Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha

[qvm] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 83,400 (1993 census). 14,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 114,000 (1993 census).

Quechua, Napo Lowland

[qvo] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 10,000 in Peru (2009). Population total all countries: 24,000.

Quechua, Northern Conchucos Ancash

[qxn] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 250,000 (2002 SIL). 65,000 monolinguals (1994 census).

Quechua, Panao Huánuco

[qxh] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 50,000 (2002 SIL). 10,000 monolinguals.

Quechua, Southern Conchucos Ancash

[qxo] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 250,000 (1994 census), increasing. 80,000 monolinguals.

Quechua, Southern Pastaza

[qup] 5 (Developing). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 1,550 (2000). 20% monolinguals.

Sharanahua

[mcd] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 450 in Peru (2000 SIL). 70% monolingual. 300 Mastanahua. Population total all countries: 453.

Shipibo-Conibo

[shp] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 26,000 (2003 SIL).

Ticuna

[tca] 5 (Developing). 8,000 in Peru (2000 SIL).

Urarina

[ura] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 3,000 (2002 SIL).

Yaminahua

[yaa] 5 (Developing). 750 in Peru (2003 SIL). 400 Yaminahua (1998 SIL), 150 Chitonahua. Population total all countries: 1,570.

Yanesha’

[ame] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 9,830 (2000). Ethnic population: 10,000 (2000 W. Adelaar).

Yine

[pib] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 4,000 (2000 SIL), increasing. Ethnic population: 4,000–5,000.

6a (Vigorous)

Aymara, Southern

[ayc] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 219,000 (2006).

Nanti

[cox] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 250 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 250 (Crevels 2007).

Quechua, Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco

[qxt] 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 10,000 (1993 SIL).

Secoya

[sey] 6a (Vigorous). 680 in Peru (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 680 (Crevels 2007).

Spanish, Loreto-Ucayali

[spq] 6a (Vigorous). 2,800 (2006). Some monolinguals.

6b (Threatened)

Ajyíninka Apurucayali

[cpc] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 4,000 (2000 SIL).

Ashéninka Pajonal

[cjo] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 12,000 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 12,000 (2002 SIL).

Ashéninka Perené

[prq] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 5,500 (2001 SIL).

Ashéninka, Pichis

[cpu] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 12,000 (2001 SIL).

Ashéninka, South Ucayali

[cpy] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 13,000 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 14,000 (2002 SIL).

Aymara, Central

[ayr] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 442,000 in Peru (2000).

Huachipaeri

[hug] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 310 (2000). Ethnic population: 1,620, including Amarakaeri [amr] (Crevels 2007).

Huitoto, Murui

[huu] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 1,000 in Peru (1995 SIL), decreasing. Very few monolinguals. 1,130 Huitoto in Peru (Crevels 2007). Population total all countries: 7,800.

Mashco Piro

[cuj] 6b (Threatened). 60 (1976 SIL). Completely monolingual.

Pisabo

[pig] 6b (Threatened). 600 (2006).

Quechua, Ambo-Pasco

[qva] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 90,000 (1998 SIL), decreasing. 20% monolinguals. Ethnic population: 90,000.

Quechua, Jauja Wanca

[qxw] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1999, Constitution, Article 48). 25,000 (1962 census). Ethnic population: 77,700 (2000).

Quechua, North Junín

[qvn] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 60,000 (1998). 7,000 monolinguals (1972 census).

Quechua, San Martín

[qvs] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 15,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 2,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 44,000 (2000).

Quichua, Northern Pastaza

[qvz] 6b (Threatened). 2,000 in Peru.

Yagua

[yad] 6b (Threatened). Recognized language (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 5,690 in Peru (2000). 2,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 6,000.

Yora

[mts] 6b (Threatened). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 170 (Crevels 2007). Possibly another 400 uncontacted speakers on the Upper Piedras River (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 170 (Crevels 2007).

7 (Shifting)

Amahuaca

[amc] 7 (Shifting). 90 in Peru (2000 SIL), decreasing. 20 monolinguals. Population total all countries: 310. Ethnic population: 500 (300 in Peru and 200 in Brazil). Perhaps 50 not contacted in border areas.

Amarakaeri

[amr] 7 (Shifting). 500 (1987 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,620, including Huachipaeri [hug] (Crevels 2007).

Bora

[boa] 7 (Shifting). 2,330 in Peru (2000). Population total all countries: 2,430. Ethnic population: 3,000 (Crevels 2007).

Capanahua

[kaq] 7 (Shifting). 50 (Crevels 2007). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 350–400 (Crevels 2007).

Jaqaru

[jqr] 7 (Shifting). 740 (Adelaar 2004). 730 Jaqaru, 11 Kawki (1998). Ethnic population: 2,000 (2000 W. Adelaar).

Jebero

[jeb] 7 (Shifting). 2,500 (2006). Ethnic population: 2,000 to 3,000 (2000 W. Adelaar).

Orejón

[ore] 7 (Shifting). 220 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 290 (Crevels 2007).

Quechua, Cajatambo North Lima

[qvl] 7 (Shifting). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 7,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 2,800 monolinguals.

Quechua, Chaupihuaranga

[qur] 7 (Shifting). Language of recognized nationality (1999, Constitution, Article 48). 20,500 (1972 census), decreasing. 8,200 monolinguals.

Quechua, Chincha

[qxc] 7 (Shifting). Language of recognized nationality (1999, Constitution, Article 48). 6,000 (2000 SIL).

Quechua, Chiquián Ancash

[qxa] 7 (Shifting). Language of recognized nationality (1999, Constitution, Article 48). 10,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 4,000 monolinguals.

Quechua, Corongo Ancash

[qwa] 7 (Shifting). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 4,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 1,700 monolinguals (2000 SIL).

Quechua, Pacaraos

[qvp] 7 (Shifting). Language of recognized nationality (1999, Constitution, Article 48). 250 (Adelaar 1992). Ethnic population: 900.

Quechua, Sihuas Ancash

[qws] 7 (Shifting). Language of recognized nationality (1993, Constitution, Article 48). 6,500 (2002 SIL), decreasing. 3,000 monolinguals.

8a (Moribund)

Arabela

[arl] 8a (Moribund). 50 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 500 (2002 SIL).

Cocama-Cocamilla

[cod] 8a (Moribund). 250 in Peru (Crevels 2007). Few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 15,000 (Crevels 2007).

Huitoto, Nüpode

[hux] 8a (Moribund). 100 (1991 SIL). 1,130 Huitoto in Peru (Crevels 2007).

Iquito

[iqu] 8a (Moribund). 35 (2002 SIL), decreasing. 1 monolingual. Ethnic population: 230 (Crevels 2007).

Ocaina

[oca] 8a (Moribund). 54 in Peru (2000). Population total all countries: 194. Ethnic population: 150 in Peru (2000 W. Adelaar).

Quechua, Yauyos

[qux] 8a (Moribund). Language of recognized nationality (1999, Constitution, Article 48). 6,500 (2003 SIL).

8b (Nearly extinct)

Cahuarano

[cah] 8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (1976 SIL).

Chamicuro

[ccc] 8b (Nearly extinct). 2 (Adelaar 2004). Ethnic population: 10–20 (2000 W. Adelaar).

Iñapari

[inp] 8b (Nearly extinct). 4 (1999 SIL).

Isconahua

[isc] 8b (Nearly extinct). 82 (2000).

Muniche

[myr] 8b (Nearly extinct). 3 (1988 SIL).

Nonuya

[noj] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 in Peru (2007 J. Echeverri). Ethnic population covers both Colombia and Peru. Ethnic population: 90.

Resígaro

[rgr] 8b (Nearly extinct). 14 (1976 SIL).

Taushiro

[trr] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 20.

9 (Dormant)

Aguano

[aga] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 40 families in Santa Cruz de Huallaga.

Omagua

[omg] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers in Peru. Ethnic population: 630 (1976).

10 (Extinct)

Abishira

[ash] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Andoa

[anb] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Aushiri

[avs] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Cholón

[cht] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Hibito

[hib] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Omurano

[omu] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Panobo

[pno] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Quechua, Classical

[qwc] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Remo

[rem] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Sensi

[sni] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Yameo

[yme] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Ethnologue

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