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Philippines
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1 (National)
English
[eng]
1 (National). Statutory national working language (1987, Constitution, Article 14(7)). 20,000 in Philippines (Crystal 2003). L2 users: 40,000,000 in Philippines (Crystal 2003).
Filipino
[fil]
1 (National). Statutory national language (1987, Constitution, Article 14(6)), not used in all official domains. L2 users: 45,000,000 (2013). Widely spoken as L2.
3 (Wider communication)
Bikol, Central
[bcl]
3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Camarines Norte, 4 other provinces (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). 2,500,000 (1990 census), increasing. Speakers of all Bikol languages: 4,580,000 (2000 census). L2 users: Also used by migrants and those who marry into the area as L2.
Cebuano
[ceb]
3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Cebu Province, 4 other areas (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f), may not be subject to population threshold). 15,800,000 in Philippines (2000 census). Population total all countries: 15,810,000.
Chinese, Mandarin
[cmn]
3 (Wider communication). 500 in Philippines. Ethnic population: All ethnic Chinese are 53,300 (1990 census).
Hiligaynon
[hil]
3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Iloilo, 4 other provinces (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f), may not be subject to population threshold). 5,770,000 in Philippines (2000 census).
Ilocano
[ilo]
3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in northwest Luzon Island, other areas (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f), may not be subject to population threshold). 6,920,000 in Philippines (2000 census). Population total all countries: 7,016,400.
Maguindanaon
[mdh]
3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in North Cotabato and 3 other Mindanao provinces (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). 1,100,000 (2010 SIL).
Masbatenyo
[msb]
3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Masbate Province (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). 350,000 (2002 SIL), increasing. 50,000 monolinguals. Mostly children. Ethnic population: 700,000. L2 users: 250,000 (2002 SIL).
Pampangan
[pam]
3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Pampanga and 2 other Luzon provinces (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). 1,900,000 in Philippines (1990 census). Population total all countries: 1,905,430.
Pangasinan
[pag]
3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Pangasinan Province (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). 1,160,000 in Philippines (1990 census). Population total all countries: 1,162,140.
Tagalog
[tgl]
3 (Wider communication). De facto national working language. 21,500,000 in Philippines (2000 census). Population total all countries: 24,310,000.
Tausug
[tsg]
3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Sulu and Tawi-Tawi provinces. 900,000 in Philippines (2000 SIL), increasing. Population total all countries: 1,062,000. 250,000 monolinguals.
Waray-Waray
[war]
3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Samar, Leyte islands (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). 2,560,000 (2000 census).
4 (Educational)
Balangao
[blw]
4 (Educational). 21,300 (2000), decreasing. 0 monolinguals.
Chavacano
[cbk]
4 (Educational). 1,200,000 (Quilis 1996). 155,000 Zamboangueño (Holm 1989); 359,000 Zamboangueño (Rubino 2008); 27,800 Caviteño; 3,750 Ternateño (1975 census); 5,470 Cotabato Chavacano (Wurm and Hattori 1981).
Ibanag
[ibg]
4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Cagayan and Isabela provinces. 500,000 (1990 SIL).
Ibatan
[ivb]
4 (Educational). 1,240 (2007 NCIP). 0 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,400 (2008 SIL).
Ifugao, Mayoyao
[ifu]
4 (Educational). 30,000 (2007 SIL). L2 users: 0.
Ifugao, Tuwali
[ifk]
4 (Educational). 30,000 (2000 SIL), increasing. Only those below grade-school age are monolingual. L2 users: Occasionally speakers of other languages will use Tuwali, mostly in trading or because of intermarriage.
Inabaknon
[abx]
4 (Educational). 26,400 (2010 M. Jacobson). Population increases 300–500 yearly. About 500 leave annually to find opportunities elsewhere. 3,000 monolinguals. Almost all children.
Inakeanon
[akl]
4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Aklan and Capiz provinces. 435,000 in Philippines (2000 census). Population total all countries: 458,600.
Isnag
[isd]
4 (Educational). 30,000 (1994 SIL).
Ivatan
[ivv]
4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Batanes province. 35,000 (1998 SIL), increasing. 3,450 Itbayatan (1996 census).
Kagayanen
[cgc]
4 (Educational). 30,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. Few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 30,000 (2007 SIL). L2 users: Government workers or church workers, teachers.
Kalinga, Butbut
[kyb]
4 (Educational). 15,000 (2008), increasing. 1,000 monolinguals.
Kalinga, Limos
[kmk]
4 (Educational). 12,700 (2007 census), increasing. L2 users: Used by those intermarrying with local speakers and by outsiders living in the area.
Kalinga, Lubuagan
[knb]
4 (Educational). 30,000 (2008 V. Dumatog), increasing. L2 users: Used by those intermarrying with local speakers and by business people.
Kalinga, Southern
[ksc]
4 (Educational). 13,000 (2000 SIL), increasing. 7,540 monolinguals. L2 users: Used by those intermarrying with local speakers and by outsiders living in the area.
Kallahan, Keley-i
[ify]
4 (Educational). 8,000 (2000 SIL). Only children under 5 are monolingual.
Kinaray-a
[krj]
4 (Educational). 378,000 (1994 SIL), increasing. 1,000 monolinguals. L2 users: Business people, intermarriage.
Manobo, Obo
[obo]
4 (Educational). 60,000 (2007 SIL). 20,000 monolinguals. L2 users: Used by those intermarrying with local speakers.
Maranao
[mrw]
4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Lanao del Sur. 776,000 (1990 census).
Paranan
[prf]
4 (Educational). 15,000 (2009 J. Lobel).
Sama, Central
[sml]
4 (Educational). 90,000 in Philippines (2000). Population total all countries: 105,000. 30,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 105,000.
Sambal
[xsb]
4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Zambales province. 70,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. 0 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 70,000.
Surigaonon
[sgd]
4 (Educational). 400,000 (2009 W. Hall).
Tagabawa
[bgs]
4 (Educational). 43,000 (1998 SIL).
Tagakaulo
[klg]
4 (Educational). 83,000 (2000 census). 40,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 100,000.
Tboli
[tbl]
4 (Educational). 95,300 (2000). 10,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 100,000.
Yakan
[yka]
4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Basilan province. 106,000 (1990 census), increasing. 86,900 in Basilan Province. 35,000 monolinguals. L2 users: Few outsiders learn Yakan. Some traders for commerce purposes.
5 (Dispersed)
Spanish
[spa]
5 (Dispersed). 2,660 in Philippines (1990 census). L2 users: 2,560,000 in Philippines (Instituto Cervantes 2012).
5 (Developing)
Adasen
[tiu]
5 (Developing). 4,000 ( NTM). Ethnic population: 5,720.
Agta, Casiguran Dumagat
[dgc]
5 (Developing). 610 (Headland 1989).
Agta, Central Cagayan
[agt]
5 (Developing). 780 (2000). Ethnic population: 820.
Agta, Pahanan
[apf]
5 (Developing). 1,700 (2009 J. Lobel), increasing.
Agta, Umiray Dumaget
[due]
5 (Developing). 3,000 (1994 SIL), decreasing.
Agutaynen
[agn]
5 (Developing). 15,000 (2007 SIL).
Alangan
[alj]
5 (Developing). 7,690 (2000).
American Sign Language
[ase]
5 (Developing).
Atta, Pamplona
[att]
5 (Developing). 1,000 (1998 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,000.
Ayta, Abellen
[abp]
5 (Developing). 3,000 (2008 SIL), decreasing. 45 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 5,000.
Ayta, Mag-antsi
[sgb]
5 (Developing). 8,200 (1992 SIL).
Ayta, Mag-Indi
[blx]
5 (Developing). 5,000 (1998 SIL), increasing. Ethnic population: 30,000. All Ayta in Zambales, Pampanga, and Tarlac regions.
Bantoanon
[bno]
5 (Developing). 75,000 (2011 Governor’s Office, Romblon Province), decreasing. 500 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 75,000.
Binukid
[bkd]
5 (Developing). 100,000 (1987 SIL).
Blaan, Koronadal
[bpr]
5 (Developing). 150,000 (2007 SIL). 40,000 monolinguals.
Blaan, Sarangani
[bps]
5 (Developing). 90,800 (2000).
Bontok, Central
[lbk]
5 (Developing). 19,600 (2007 census).
Bontok, Eastern
[ebk]
5 (Developing). 6,170 (2007 census).
Buhid
[bku]
5 (Developing). 8,000 (1991 OMF).
Caluyanun
[clu]
5 (Developing). 30,000 (1994 SIL). Very few monolinguals.
Chinese, Min Nan
[nan]
5 (Developing). 592,000 in Philippines (1982). 99% of Chinese population in the Philippines (1982).
Chinese, Yue
[yue]
5 (Developing). 9,780 in Philippines (2000).
Cuyonon
[cyo]
5 (Developing). 123,000 (1990 census).
Ga’dang
[gdg]
5 (Developing). 6,000 (2002 SIL). Very few monolinguals.
Hanunoo
[hnn]
5 (Developing). 13,000 (2000).
Higaonon
[mba]
5 (Developing). 30,000 (1996 NTM).
Ibaloi
[ibl]
5 (Developing). 111,000 (1990 census).
Ifugao, Amganad
[ifa]
5 (Developing). 27,100 (2000 SIL). 168,000 all Ifugao (1990 census). 10,000 monolinguals. L2 users: A few speakers of other languages speak Ifugao in school, market, commerce.
Ifugao, Batad
[ifb]
5 (Developing). 43,000 (1987 SIL).
Ilongot
[ilk]
5 (Developing). 50,800 (1990 census).
Inonhan
[loc]
5 (Developing). 85,800 (2000).
Iraya
[iry]
5 (Developing). 10,000 (1991 OMF).
Itawit
[itv]
5 (Developing). 134,000 (1990 census). 120,000 Itawit, 14,500 Malaweg.
Kalagan
[kqe]
5 (Developing). 70,000 (2002 census), decreasing. 7,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 70,000. L2 users: Used by those intermarrying with local speakers.
Kalagan, Kagan
[kll]
5 (Developing). 6,000 (1981 SIL).
Kalinga, Tanudan
[kml]
5 (Developing). 11,200 (1998 SIL), increasing. 1,120 monolinguals. L2 users: Used by those intermarrying with local speakers and by outsiders living in the area.
Kallahan, Kayapa
[kak]
5 (Developing). 15,000 (1991 UBS), increasing.
Kankanaey
[kne]
5 (Developing). 150,000 (1991 SIL). All Kankanai 218,000 (1990 census).
Kankanay, Northern
[xnn]
5 (Developing). 70,000 (1987 SIL).
Karao
[kyj]
5 (Developing). 2,000 (2011 SIL).
Mamanwa
[mmn]
5 (Developing). 5,150 (1990 census).
Manobo, Agusan
[msm]
5 (Developing). 60,000 (2002 SIL). 157,000 all Manobo (1990 census).
Manobo, Ata
[atd]
5 (Developing). 26,700 (2000 census).
Manobo, Cotabato
[mta]
5 (Developing). 30,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. 5,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 30,000.
Manobo, Dibabawon
[mbd]
5 (Developing). 10,000 (1978 SIL).
Manobo, Ilianen
[mbi]
5 (Developing). 14,600 (2000). Few monolinguals.
Manobo, Matigsalug
[mbt]
5 (Developing). 50,000 (2010 SIL), increasing. 5,000 monolinguals.
Manobo, Sarangani
[mbs]
5 (Developing). 58,000 (2000 census).
Manobo, Western Bukidnon
[mbb]
5 (Developing). 15,000 (2008 SIL). Ethnic population: 15,000.
Mansaka
[msk]
5 (Developing). 57,800 (2000).
Mapun
[sjm]
5 (Developing). 43,000 in Philippines (2011 SIL). Population total all countries: 58,000. 4,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 43,000.
Molbog
[pwm]
5 (Developing). 6,680 in Philippines (1990 census). Population total all countries: 13,680. Ethnic population: 13,400. L2 users: Immigrants to Balabac Island.
Palawano, Brooke’s Point
[plw]
5 (Developing). 14,400 (2000).
Palawano, Central
[plc]
5 (Developing). 12,000 (1981 UBS). 40,500 all Palawano (1990 census).
Philippine Sign Language
[psp]
5 (Developing). 100,000 deaf persons (Van Cleve 1986).
Romblomanon
[rol]
5 (Developing). 94,000 (2011 SIL).
Sama, Balangingih
[sse]
5 (Developing). 80,000 in Philippines (2007). Population total all countries: 85,000.
Sama, Pangutaran
[slm]
5 (Developing). 35,200 (2000).
Sama, Southern
[ssb]
5 (Developing). 200,000 in Philippines (2007 SIL), increasing. Population total all countries: 215,000. 20,000 monolinguals.
Sambal, Botolan
[sbl]
5 (Developing). 32,900 (2000 SIL), increasing.
Sangil
[snl]
5 (Developing). 15,000 (1996 SIL).
Sangir
[sxn]
5 (Developing). 55,000 in Philippines (1981 SIL).
Subanen, Central
[syb]
5 (Developing). 140,000 (2000), increasing.
Subanen, Northern
[stb]
5 (Developing). 85,400 (2010 SIL), increasing. 0 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 85,400.
Subanen, Southern
[laa]
5 (Developing). 25,000 (1978 SIL).
Subanon, Western
[suc]
5 (Developing). 125,000 (2011 SIL).
Tagbanwa
[tbw]
5 (Developing). 10,000 (2002 SIL). 500 monolinguals.
Tagbanwa, Calamian
[tbk]
5 (Developing). 10,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. Ethnic population: 10,000.
Tawbuid, Eastern
[bnj]
5 (Developing). 7,190 (2000).
Tawbuid, Western
[twb]
5 (Developing). 6,810 (2000).
Tiruray
[tiy]
5 (Developing). 50,000 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 50,000.
6a (Vigorous)
Agta, Mt. Iriga
[agz]
6a (Vigorous). 1,500 (1979 SIL).
Alta, Southern
[agy]
6a (Vigorous). 1,000 (1982 SIL).
Ati
[atk]
6a (Vigorous). 1,500 (1980 SIL).
Atta, Pudtol
[atp]
6a (Vigorous). 710 (2000).
Ayta, Ambala
[abc]
6a (Vigorous). 1,660 (1986 SIL).
Bantayanon
[bfx]
6a (Vigorous). 71,600 (2007 J. Lobel).
Baybayanon
[bvy]
6a (Vigorous). 10,000 (2009 J. Lobel).
Bikol, Buhi’non
[ubl]
6a (Vigorous). 73,600 (2009 SIL). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 4,580,000 (2000 census). 0 monolinguals.
Bikol, Libon
[lbl]
6a (Vigorous). 68,800 (2009 SIL). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 4,580,000 (2000 census). 0 monolinguals.
Bikol, Miraya
[rbl]
6a (Vigorous). 300,000 (2009 SIL). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 4,580,000 (2000 census). 0 monolinguals.
Bikol, Northern Catanduanes
[cts]
6a (Vigorous). 77,500 (2000 census). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 4,580,000 (2000 census). L2 users: Used by those intermarrying with local speakers and for business purposes.
Bikol, Rinconada
[bto]
6a (Vigorous). 234,000 (2000 census), increasing. Speakers of all Bikol languages: 4,580,000 (2000 census). 2,300 monolinguals. Monolingual speakers are elderly; boast of their identity as Rinconada. Ethnic population: 320,000. L2 users: Used by those intermarrying with locals.
Bikol, Southern Catanduanes
[bln]
6a (Vigorous). 135,000 (2000 census). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 4,580,000 (2000 census).
Bikol, West Albay
[fbl]
6a (Vigorous). 260,000 (2009 SIL). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 4,580,000 (2000 census). 0 monolinguals.
Binukidnon, Northern
[kyn]
6a (Vigorous). 15,100 (2000).
Binukidnon, Southern
[mtw]
6a (Vigorous). 7,570 (2000).
Bontok, Southern
[obk]
6a (Vigorous). 2,760 (2007 census).
Capiznon
[cps]
6a (Vigorous). 639,000 (2000).
Davawenyo
[daw]
6a (Vigorous). 147,000 (1990 census).
Gaddang
[gad]
6a (Vigorous). 30,000 (1984 SIL).
I-wak
[iwk]
6a (Vigorous). 3,260 (2000).
Iranun
[ill]
6a (Vigorous). 241,000 in Philippines (1981 SIL). Population total all countries: 256,000.
Itneg, Banao
[bjx]
6a (Vigorous). 3,500 (2003 SIL). Unknown number in Malibcong dialect area.
Itneg, Binongan
[itb]
6a (Vigorous). 7,500 (2003 SIL). 46,400 in all Itneg varieties (1990 census).
Itneg, Maeng
[itt]
6a (Vigorous). 18,000 (2003 SIL). Ethnic population: 18,000.
Itneg, Masadiit
[tis]
6a (Vigorous). 7,500. 45,000 all Itnegs in Abra Province.
Itneg, Moyadan
[ity]
6a (Vigorous). 12,000 (2003 SIL).
Kalinga, Mabaka Valley
[kkg]
6a (Vigorous).
Kalinga, Majukayang
[kmd]
6a (Vigorous). 1,500 (1990 SIL), increasing. L2 users: Used by those intermarrying with local speakers.
Kallahan, Tinoc
[tne]
6a (Vigorous).
Kamayo
[kyk]
6a (Vigorous). 363,000 (2000 census). Estimated population for Caraga, Davao Oriental, and Surigao del Sur regions.
Kasiguranin
[ksn]
6a (Vigorous). 10,000 (1975 SIL).
Kinabalian
[cbw]
6a (Vigorous). 14,000 (2009 J. Lobel).
Malaynon
[mlz]
6a (Vigorous). 8,500 (1973 SIL).
Mandaya
[mry]
6a (Vigorous). 250,000 (2010).
Manide
[abd]
6a (Vigorous). 3,800 (Lobel 2010).
Manobo, Rajah Kabunsuwan
[mqk]
6a (Vigorous). 7,560 (2000).
Palawano, Southwest
[plv]
6a (Vigorous). 12,000 (2005 W. Davis).
Porohanon
[prh]
6a (Vigorous). 23,000.
Sorsoganon, Northern
[bks]
6a (Vigorous). 85,000 (1975 census).
Sorsoganon, Southern
[srv]
6a (Vigorous). 185,000 (1975 census).
Subanon, Kolibugan
[skn]
6a (Vigorous). 20,000 (1998 SIL). L2 users: Non-Kolibugan Subanon spouses.
Sulod
[srg]
6a (Vigorous). 14,000 (1980 SIL).
Tadyawan
[tdy]
6a (Vigorous). 4,150 (2000).
Tandaganon
[tgn]
6a (Vigorous). 100,000 (2009 B. Hall).
Yogad
[yog]
6a (Vigorous). 16,000 (1990 census).
6b (Threatened)
Agta, Dupaninan
[duo]
6b (Threatened). 1,200 (1986 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,500 (2007 L. Reid).
Atta, Faire
[azt]
6b (Threatened). 300 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 600.
Ayta, Magbukun
[ayt]
6b (Threatened). 1,000 (2011 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,000.
Bolinao
[smk]
6b (Threatened). 51,200 (2007 census), decreasing. 510 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 104,000. L2 users: 5,000. Used by outsiders for marketing, politics, some teachers.
Isinai
[inn]
6b (Threatened). 5,520 (1990 census).
Itneg, Inlaod
[iti]
6b (Threatened). 9,000 (2003 SIL).
Manobo, Kinamiging
[mkx]
6b (Threatened). 26,700 (2000 census).
Subanen, Eastern
[sfe]
6b (Threatened). 7,000 (2011 SIL).
7 (Shifting)
Agta, Mt. Iraya
[atl]
7 (Shifting). 150 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 380.
Alta, Northern
[aqn]
7 (Shifting). 200 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 400.
Batak
[bya]
7 (Shifting). 200 (Wurm 2000), decreasing. Ethnic population: 2,040 (1990 census).
Butuanon
[btw]
7 (Shifting). 34,500 (1990 census).
Giangan
[bgi]
7 (Shifting). 55,000 (1990 census).
8a (Moribund)
Bontok, Northern
[rbk]
8a (Moribund). 9,700 (2007 census).
Bontok, Southwestern
[vbk]
8a (Moribund). 2,470 (2007 census).
Dumagat, Remontado
[agv]
8a (Moribund). 2,530 (2000).
8b (Nearly extinct)
Agta, Alabat Island
[dul]
8b (Nearly extinct). 30 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 75.
Agta, Isarog
[agk]
8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1984 SIL).
Arta
[atz]
8b (Nearly extinct). 11 (2013 Y. Kimoto). 35–45 have some knowledge of the language, but cannot speak properly (2013 Y. Kimoto). Ethnic population: 150.
Ata
[atm]
8b (Nearly extinct). 2 (Wurm 2000). In 1973, only a few families of speakers were reported. Probably extinct (Wurm 2007).
Ayta, Sorsogon
[ays]
8b (Nearly extinct). 15 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 180.
Ratagnon
[btn]
8b (Nearly extinct). 2 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 2,000 (1997 SIL).
Tagbanwa, Central
[tgt]
8b (Nearly extinct). 2,000 (1985 SIL).
10 (Extinct)
Agta, Dicamay
[duy]
10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers.
Agta, Villa Viciosa
[dyg]
10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers.
Ayta, Tayabas
[ayy]
10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers.
Katabaga
[ktq]
10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers.