Poland
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Belarusan
[bel] 220,000 in Poland (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Byelorussian, White Russian Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, East
Esperanto
[epo] About 115 countries, most widely in central and eastern Europe; east Asia: China and other countries; areas of South America; southwest Asia. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eo, La Lingvo Internacia Classification: Constructed language Comments: Developed 1872–1885 by L. L. Zamenhof of Warsaw, Poland, for intercommunication among L1 speakers of other languages.
German, Standard
[deu] Opolskie and Silesian provinces. 500,000 in Poland (1998). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Opolskie and Silesian provinces (2005, Minorities Act of 2 January, Articles 2(2), 9). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German
Kashubian
[csb] North central, Pomorskie Province, near Baltic coast, lower Vistula left bank; west of Gdansk bay; narrow strip inland, southwest from Gdynia. Also in Canada. 50,000 in Poland (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 100,000 or more (1993 T. Salminen). Status: 8a (Moribund). Recognized language (2005, Minorities Act of 2 January, Article 19). Alternate Names: Cashubian, Cassubian, Kaszubski Dialects: Kashubian Proper, Slovincian. German [deu] influences in the language. Transitional dialects between Kashubian Proper, the Slovincian dialect, and Polish [pol].
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic Comments: Most of ethnic group speak regional variety of Polish [pol] (1993 T. Salminen).
Polish
[pol] Also in Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United States. 36,600,000 in Poland (1986). Population total all countries: 39,042,570. Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1997, Constitution, Article 27). Alternate Names: Polnisch, Polski Dialects: Upper Silesian.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic Comments: Christian, Muslim.
Polish Sign Language
Prussian
[prg] East Prussia, formerly in Germany. No known L1 speakers. Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Old Prussian Dialects: Other extinct Baltic languages are: Selonian, Yotvingian, Semigallian, Curonian.
Classification: Indo-European, Baltic, Western
Romani, Baltic
[rml] Central and south Baltic region. Also in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russian Federation, Ukraine. 30,000 in Poland. Population total all countries: 38,470. Status: 5 (Developing). Dialects: Estonian Romani, Latvian Romani (Lettish Romani), North Russian Romani, Polish Romani, White Russian Romani.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern Comments: Ethnic groups: Pólska Foldítka, Romá. Christian.
Romani, Carpathian
[rmc] One dialect in south Poland, east Hungary, and Galicia. Status: 5 (Developing). Dialects: Galician, Transylvanian.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern Comments: Christian.
Romani, Sinte
[rmo] Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sinti, Tsigane Dialects: Manuche (Manouche).
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern Comments: Ethnic group: Sasítka Romá. Christian.
Romani, Vlax
[rmy] 5,000 in Poland. Status: 5 (Developing). Dialects: Lovari.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax Comments: Christian.
Silesian
Silesian, Lower
[sli] Upper Silesia. Also in Czech Republic. 12,000 in Poland. Population total all countries: 22,900. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Upper Schlesisch Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German Comments: Different from Upper Silesian, a dialect of Polish [pol].
Ukrainian
[ukr] 150,000 in Poland. Status: 5 (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, East Comments: Largest minority language group in Poland. Christian.
Wymysorys
[wym] Silisia and Lesser Poland border; Wilamowice village. 70 (2006). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Wilamowicean Dialects: Wymysorys appears to derive from 12th century Middle High German, with strong influences from Low German, Dutch, Frisian, Polish, and Old English.
Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German