Russian Federation

Russian

[rus] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1993, Constitution, Article 68(1)). 137,000,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 161,727,650.

2 (Provincial)

Adyghe

[ady] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Adyghea (1995, Constitution, Adyghea Republic, Article 2). 117,500 in Russian Federation (2010 census). No monolinguals (Ministry of Education, Adygea Republic). Population total all countries: 491,800. Ethnic population: 128,500.

Altai, Southern

[alt] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Altai Republic (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 57,400 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 67,200 (including Northern Altai [atv]). 2002 census excluded 2,400 Talangits and 2,650 Teleuts.

Chechen

[che] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Chechen Republic (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 1,350,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). 233,000 monolinguals. Population total all countries: 1,361,000. Ethnic population: 1,360,000.

Tatar

[tat] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Tatarstan Republic (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 4,280,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). 24,700 Kreshen (Kryashen) Tatars, who are traditionally Russian Orthodox. Population total all countries: 5,407,550. Ethnic population: 5,550,000 (2002 census).

Yakut

[sah] 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Sakha Republic (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 450,000 (2010 census).

3 (Wider communication)

Finnish

[fin] 3 (Wider communication). 38,900 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Ethnic population: 51,900 (2002 census).

Mongolian, Halh

[khk] 3 (Wider communication). 8,830 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Ethnic population: 2,700.

4 (Educational)

Abaza

[abq] 4 (Educational). 37,800 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 47,880.

Avar

[ava] 4 (Educational). 715,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 761,960. Ethnic population: 815,000.

Bashkort

[bak] 4 (Educational). Statutory language of provincial identity in Bashkortostan Republic (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 1,150,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census), decreasing. Population total all countries: 1,221,340. Ethnic population: 2,060,000.

Chuvash

[chv] 4 (Educational). Statutory language of provincial identity in Chuvash Republic (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 1,043,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 1,077,420.

Dargwa

[dar] 4 (Educational). 486,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 492,490. Ethnic population: 510,000.

Ingush

[inh] 4 (Educational). Statutory language of provincial identity in Ingushetia (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 306,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 322,900.

Judeo-Tat

[jdt] 4 (Educational). 2,010 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Tat [ttt]. Population total all countries: 96,010.

Karachay-Balkar

[krc] 4 (Educational). 305,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). 192,000 Karachay, 108,000 Balkar (2002 census). Used by 97% of the ethnic population. Population total all countries: 310,730. Ethnic population: 303,000 (2002 census).

Karelian

[krl] 4 (Educational). 25,600 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Livvi-Karelian [olo] and Ludian [lud]. Population total all countries: 35,600.

Korean

[kor] 4 (Educational). 42,400 in Russian Federation (2010 census).

Lak

[lbe] 4 (Educational). 146,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 153,170. Ethnic population: 118,000 in the Russian Federation.

Lezgi

[lez] 4 (Educational). 402,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 788,720. Ethnic population: 412,000 in Russia (2002 census).

Mari, Meadow

[mhr] 4 (Educational). 388,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Hill Mari [mrj]. Population total all countries: 397,090. Ethnic population: 604,300.

Rutul

[rut] 4 (Educational). 30,400 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 47,400.

Tabassaran

[tab] 4 (Educational). 126,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 126,900. Ethnic population: 132,000 in Russia (2002 census).

Tuva

[tyv] 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Tuva Republic. 254,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census), increasing. Population total all countries: 283,400.

5 (Dispersed)

Azerbaijani, North

[azj] 5 (Dispersed). 473,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census).

Serbian

[srp] 5 (Dispersed). 11,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Bosnian [bos] and Croatian [hrv].

5 (Developing)

Bezhta

[kap] 5 (Developing). 6,100 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 6,800.

Buriat, Russia

[bxr] 5 (Developing). Statutory language of provincial identity in Buriat Republic (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 219,000 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 445,200 (2002 census).

Erzya

[myv] 5 (Developing). 431,700 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Moksha [mdf]. Population total all countries: 514,330. Ethnic population: 843,350 Mordvin in Russia.

Kabardian

[kbd] 5 (Developing). 516,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). 36,700 monolinguals (2002 census). Population total all countries: 1,628,500. Ethnic population: 520,000.

Khakas

[kjh] 5 (Developing). Statutory language of provincial identity in Khakassia Republic (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 42,600 in Russian Federation (2010 census). 1,500 monolinguals (2002 census). Spoken by about 10% of the population of Khakasia (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 42,610. Ethnic population: 75,600 in the Russian Federation (2002 census).

Komi-Permyak

[koi] 5 (Developing). 63,100 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 125,000.

Komi-Zyrian

[kpv] 5 (Developing). Statutory language of national identity (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 156,000 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 293,000.

Kumyk

[kum] 5 (Developing). 426,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 426,550.

Mari, Hill

[mrj] 5 (Developing). 388,000 (2010 census). Census includes Meadow Mari [mhr].

Moksha

[mdf] 5 (Developing). 432,000 (2010 census). Census includes Erzya [myv].

Nogai

[nog] 5 (Developing). 87,100 in Russian Federation (2010 census), decreasing. Population total all countries: 87,410. Ethnic population: 90,700 (2002 census).

Ossetic

[oss] 5 (Developing). Statutory language of provincial identity in North Ossetia-Alania (1993, Constitution, Article 68(2)). 451,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 577,450.

Russian Sign Language

[rsl] 5 (Developing). 121,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census).

Selkup

[sel] 5 (Developing). 1,020 (2010 census). Central Selkup: 200 speakers, Northern Selkup: 1,000 to 1,500 speakers, Southern Selkup: less than 100 speakers (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 4,250.

Tsakhur

[tkr] 5 (Developing). 10,600 in Russian Federation (2010 census).

Udmurt

[udm] 5 (Developing). 324,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 339,800. Ethnic population: 637,000, plus 3,100 Besermyan speakers.

6a (Vigorous)

Aghul

[agx] 6a (Vigorous). 29,300 (2010 census).

Bagvalal

[kva] 6a (Vigorous). 1,450 (2010 census).

Domari

[rmt] 6a (Vigorous). 500 in Russian Federation (2006).

Karata

[kpt] 6a (Vigorous). 260 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 5,000 (1990 A. Kibrik) or 6,400 (Koryakov 2006).

6b (Threatened)

Akhvakh

[akv] 6b (Threatened). 210 in Russian Federation (2010 census).

Altai, Northern

[atv] 6b (Threatened). 57,400 (2010 census). 2,000 Tuba, several thousand Kumandy, 2,000 Chalkan (Salminen 2007). Census includes Southern Altai [alt]. Ethnic population: 67,200 (including Southern Altai).

Andi

[ani] 6b (Threatened). 5,800 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 23,800 (2002 census).

Archi

[aqc] 6b (Threatened). 970 (2010 census).

Botlikh

[bph] 6b (Threatened). 210 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 5,000 (A. Kibrik).

Chamalal

[cji] 6b (Threatened). 500 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 5,000 (1990 A. Kibrik).

Chukchi

[ckt] 6b (Threatened). 5,100 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 15,800 (2002 census).

Dido

[ddo] 6b (Threatened). 12,500 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Ethnic population: 15,400 (2002 census).

Dolgan

[dlg] 6b (Threatened). 1,050 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 7,260 (2002 census).

Hinukh

[gin] 6b (Threatened). 5 (2010 census).

Hunzib

[huz] 6b (Threatened). 1,010 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 1,420. Ethnic population: 2,000.

Kalmyk-Oirat

[xal] 6b (Threatened). 80,500 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 360,500. Ethnic population: 174,000.

Khanty

[kca] 6b (Threatened). 9,580 (2010 census). Mostly speakers of Northern Khanty, 2,000 speakers of Eastern Khanty and probably no speakers left in Southern Khanty (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 28,700.

Khvarshi

[khv] 6b (Threatened). 1,740 (2010 census). 1,000 Inxokvari speakers (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 1,870 (2002 census).

Livvi-Karelian

[olo] 6b (Threatened). 25,600 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Karelian[krl] and Ludian [lud]. Population total all countries: 30,770. Ethnic population: 65,000.

Mansi

[mns] 6b (Threatened). 940 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 11,400.

Nenets

[yrk] 6b (Threatened). 21,900 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 41,300 including both Forest Nenets and Tundra Nenets.

Romani, Vlax

[rmy] 6b (Threatened). 128,000 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes all gypsy languages. Ethnic population: 183,000 (2002 census).

Shor

[cjs] 6b (Threatened). 2,840 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 14,000.

Tat, Muslim

[ttt] 6b (Threatened). 2,010 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Judeo-Tat [jdt].

Tindi

[tin] 6b (Threatened). 2,150 (2010 census).

Veps

[vep] 6b (Threatened). 3,610 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 8,240.

7 (Shifting)

Even

[eve] 7 (Shifting). 5,660 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 19,100 (2002 census).

Evenki

[evn] 7 (Shifting). 4,800 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Ethnic population: 35,500 in the Russian Federation (2002 census).

Ghodoberi

[gdo] 7 (Shifting). 130 (2010 census).

Koryak

[kpy] 7 (Shifting). 1,670 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 7,000 (2003).

Nanai

[gld] 7 (Shifting). 1,350 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 1,390. Ethnic population: 12,200.

8a (Moribund)

Aleut

[ale] 8a (Moribund). 350 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Mednyj Aleut [mud]. Ethnic population: 200 (Krauss 2007).

Gilyak

[niv] 8a (Moribund). 200 (2010 census). A few hundred active users (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 5,160.

Ket

[ket] 8a (Moribund). 210 (2010 census). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,490.

Ludian

[lud] 8a (Moribund). 25,600 (2010 census). Census includes Karelian [krl] and Livvi-Karelian [olo].

Ulch

[ulc] 8a (Moribund). 150 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 2,900.

8b (Nearly extinct)

Aleut, Mednyj

[mud] 8b (Nearly extinct). 350 (2010 census). Census includes Aleut [ale].

Alutor

[alr] 8b (Nearly extinct). 25 (2010 census), decreasing. Some monolinguals. Ethnic population: 2,000 (1997 M. Krauss).

Bohtan Neo-Aramaic

[bhn] 8b (Nearly extinct).

Chulym

[clw] 8b (Nearly extinct). 44 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 660 (2002 census).

Enets, Forest

[enf] 8b (Nearly extinct). 40 (2010 census). Census includes Tundra Enets [enh]. Ethnic population: 200 with Tundra Enets (2002 census).

Enets, Tundra

[enh] 8b (Nearly extinct). 40 (2010 census). 6 in Vorontsovo, 3 in Karepovsk (2005 O. Khanina and A. Shluinsky). Ethnic population: 200 together with Forest Enets (2002 census).

Ingrian

[izh] 8b (Nearly extinct). 120 (2010 census). L1 speakers should not be confused with Ingrian Finns, who speak Finnish [fin]. Ethnic population: 820 (1989 census).

Itelmen

[itl] 8b (Nearly extinct). 80 (2010 census), decreasing. Ethnic population: 3,200 (2002 census).

Karagas

[kim] 8b (Nearly extinct). 90 (2010 census). Less than 40 fluent speakers, same number of passive speakers (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 840 (2002 census).

Negidal

[neg] 8b (Nearly extinct). 74 (2010 census). Only a few fully fluent (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 570.

Nganasan

[nio] 8b (Nearly extinct). 130 (2010 census). A group of about 100 lead a semi-nomadic life in Dudypta river region near Ust’-Avam (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 830.

Oroch

[oac] 8b (Nearly extinct). 8 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 690.

Orok

[oaa] 8b (Nearly extinct). 47 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Population total all countries: 50. Ethnic population: 350.

Saami, Kildin

[sjd] 8b (Nearly extinct). 350 (2010 census). Census includes Skolt Saami [sms] and Ter Saami [sjt]. Ethnic population: 2,000 including all Saami (2002 census). 1,900 Saami in the Russian Federation (1995 M. Krauss).

Saami, Skolt

[sms] 8b (Nearly extinct). 350 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Kildin Saami [sjd] and Ter Saami [sjt]. 20 speakers (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 400 in the Russian Federation (1995 M. Krauss).

Saami, Ter

[sjt] 8b (Nearly extinct). 350 (2010 census). Census includes Kildin Saami [sjd] and Skolt Saami [sms]. 6 elderly speakers in the early 1990s (Salminen 2007).

Udihe

[ude] 8b (Nearly extinct). 100 (2010 census). 80 or less L1 users (Vakhtin 2001). Ethnic population: 1,660.

Vod

[vot] 8b (Nearly extinct). 68 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 73.

Yugh

[yuu] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 19 (2002 census).

Yukaghir, Northern

[ykg] 8b (Nearly extinct). 370 (2010 census). Census includes Southern Yukaghir [yux]. Ethnic population: 230–1,100 (1995 M. Krauss).

Yukaghir, Southern

[yux] 8b (Nearly extinct). 370 (2010 census). Census includes Northern Yukaghir [ykg]. Ethnic population: 130 (1995 M. Krauss).

Yupik, Central Siberian

[ess] 8b (Nearly extinct). 510 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Naukan Yupik [ynk]. Ethnic population: 900 (Golla 2007).

Yupik, Naukan

[ynk] 8b (Nearly extinct). 510 (2010 census). Census includes Central Siberian Yupik [ess].

9 (Dormant)

Kerek

[krk] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. 3 elderly speakers in 1991 (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 8.

Saami, Akkala

[sia] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 100 (1995 M. Krauss).

10 (Extinct)

Kamas

[xas] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Slavonic, Old Church

[chu] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Yupik, Sirenik

[ysr] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Ethnologue

Russian Federation

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