Chad

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1 (National)

Arabic, Standard

[arb] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1996, Constitution, Article 9).

French

[fra] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1996, Constitution, Article 9). 3,000 in Chad (1993).

3 (Wider communication)

Arabic, Chadian Spoken

[shu] 3 (Wider communication). 896,100 in Chad (2006), increasing. Population total all countries: 1,139,100.

Bagirmi

[bmi] 3 (Wider communication). 44,800 in Chad (1993 census).

Dazaga

[dzg] 3 (Wider communication). 331,000 in Chad (2006). Population total all countries: 381,000.

Kanembu

[kbl] 3 (Wider communication). 461,100 (2006). Many businessmen in N’Djamena are Kanembu.

Maba

[mde] 3 (Wider communication). 296,000 (2006 E. Zürcher), decreasing. Very few monolinguals.

Ngambay

[sba] 3 (Wider communication). 896,000 in Chad (2006).

Sango

[sag] 3 (Wider communication).

Sar

[mwm] 3 (Wider communication). 183,000 (1993 census). 74,700 Madjingay (1964), 16,300 No (1964), 32,000 Nar (1977).

5 (Developing)

Bedjond

[bjv] 5 (Developing). 36,000 (Caprile and Fedry 1969).

Dangaléat

[daa] 5 (Developing). 60,000 (2005 SIL), increasing. 45,000 in Dangaléat Canton.

Day

[dai] 5 (Developing). 49,900 (1993 census).

Fulfulde, Adamawa

[fub] 5 (Developing). 148,000 in Chad (2006). Kano-Katsina-Bororro Fulfulde. 152,000 all Fulfulde varieties in Chad.

Gabri

[gab] 5 (Developing). 34,400 (2000).

Gidar

[gid] 5 (Developing). 11,700 in Chad (1993 census).

Gulay

[gvl] 5 (Developing). 163,000 (1993 census). 23,500 Pen in 26 villages (1995 D. Djarangar).

Herdé

[hed] 5 (Developing). 40,000 (1999 SIL).

Kaba

[ksp] 5 (Developing). 11,000 in Chad (Welmers 1971).

Kaba Démé, Sara

[kwg] 5 (Developing). 40,000 in Chad (1993 UBS).

Kaba Náà, Sara

[kwv] 5 (Developing). 35,000 in Chad (1993 UBS). 5,560 in Bale village, 4,940 in Koskabo, 4,550 in Kyabé.

Kanuri, Central

[knc] 5 (Developing). 104,000 in Chad (2006). 34,500 in Chari-Baguirmi and 23,300 in N’Djamena.

Karang

[kzr] 5 (Developing). 1,000 in Chad (1995 SIL).

Kenga

[kyq] 5 (Developing). 40,000 (1997 SIL).

Kera

[ker] 5 (Developing). 44,500 in Chad (1993 census). Population total all countries: 50,500.

Kim

[kia] 5 (Developing). 15,400 (1993 census).

Kimré

[kqp] 5 (Developing). 20,000 (2007 A. Oumounabidji).

Kuo

[xuo] 5 (Developing). 12,300 in Chad (2011 SIL). Population total all countries: 20,250.

Laka

[lap] 5 (Developing). 55,100 in Chad (1993 census). Population total all countries: 57,150.

Lele

[lln] 5 (Developing). 26,000 (1991 UBS).

Mango

[mge] 5 (Developing). 52,200 (2006).

Marba

[mpg] 5 (Developing). 148,000 (2006).

Masana

[mcn] 5 (Developing). 130,000 in Chad (2006). Population total all countries: 233,000.

Mbay

[myb] 5 (Developing). 80,000 in Chad (1990 J. Keegan). Population total all countries: 88,300.

Mesme

[zim] 5 (Developing). 20,100 (1993 census).

Migaama

[mmy] 5 (Developing). 20,000 (2000 W. Chesley). 2,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 23,000 (1991 census).

Mukulu

[moz] 5 (Developing). 12,000 (1990 SIL).

Mundang

[mua] 5 (Developing). 191,000 in Chad (2006). Population total all countries: 235,700.

Musey

[mse] 5 (Developing). 209,000 in Chad (2006). Population total all countries: 229,000.

Musgu

[mug] 5 (Developing). 24,400 in Chad (1993 census).

Nancere

[nnc] 5 (Developing). 81,000 (2007 B. Keineng), increasing.

Ngam

[nmc] 5 (Developing). 43,700 in Chad (1993 census). Population total all countries: 61,400.

Nzakambay

[nzy] 5 (Developing). 18,500 in Chad (2000). Population total all countries: 31,500.

Pévé

[lme] 5 (Developing). 30,000 in Chad (1999 SIL). Population total all countries: 35,720.

Somrai

[sor] 5 (Developing). 7,410 (1993 census).

Tobanga

[tng] 5 (Developing). 30,000 (1999 SIL).

Tumak

[tmc] 5 (Developing). 25,200 (1993 census).

Tupuri

[tui] 5 (Developing). 104,000 in Chad (2006).

6a (Vigorous)

Amdang

[amj] 6a (Vigorous). 41,100 (2000). Popluation less in Wadi Fira (home region) than in Batha and Ouaddaï regions.

Assangori

[sjg] 6a (Vigorous). 23,500 (1993 census).

Barein

[bva] 6a (Vigorous). 4,100 (1993 census).

Besme

[bes] 6a (Vigorous). 1,230 (1993 census).

Bidiyo

[bid] 6a (Vigorous). 14,000 (Jungraithmayr 1981).

Birgit

[btf] 6a (Vigorous). 10,400 (2000).

Bolgo

[bvo] 6a (Vigorous). 1,800 (1993 census).

Bon Gula

[glc] 6a (Vigorous). 1,200 (1997 SIL).

Bua

[bub] 6a (Vigorous). 7,710 (1993 census).

Buduma

[bdm] 6a (Vigorous). 51,600 in Chad (1993 census). Population total all countries: 54,800.

Chadian Sign Language

[cds] 6a (Vigorous). 390 (1989 M. Yonadjiel). Ethnic population: Large deaf population (1989).

Dagba

[dgk] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 in Chad (2007 S. Hossack).

Daju, Dar Daju

[djc] 6a (Vigorous). 34,000 (1993 census).

Daju, Dar Sila

[dau] 6a (Vigorous). 63,100 in Chad (2000).

Disa

[dsi] 6a (Vigorous). 2,370 (2000).

Fania

[fni] 6a (Vigorous). 1,100 (1997 SIL).

Fulfulde, Bagirmi

[fui] 6a (Vigorous). 24,000 in Chad. Population total all countries: 180,000.

Fulfulde, Kano-Katsina-Bororro

[fuv] 6a (Vigorous).

Fur

[fvr] 6a (Vigorous). 1,800 in Chad.

Gor

[gqr] 6a (Vigorous). 87,000 (2006).

Gula

[glu] 6a (Vigorous). 10,300 (2000). Ethnic population: 790 Malé, 580 Moufa, 550 Kofoy, 520 Souka, 260 Toussa, 140 Bemounou (1993 census).

Gula Iro

[glj] 6a (Vigorous). 3,500 (1991 SIL). 2,000 Pongaal, 730 Tiaala, 200 Tiitaal, 350 Patool, 170 Korintal.

Kabalai

[kvf] 6a (Vigorous). 17,900 (1993 census).

Kajakse

[ckq] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 (Bender 1983).

Kibet

[kie] 6a (Vigorous). 18,500 (Bender 1983).

Kulfa

[kxj] 6a (Vigorous). 7,130 (1993 census). 4,000 Koulfa, 2,200 Kouroumi, 910 Bara (1993 census).

Kwang

[kvi] 6a (Vigorous). 16,800 (1993 census). 10,000 or more Kwang, 2,000 Mobou, 250 Aloa.

Lutos

[ndy] 6a (Vigorous). 1,980 in Chad (1993 census).

Majera

[xmj] 6a (Vigorous). 2,300 total in 2 villages, one of which is in Chad (2002).

Mambai

[mcs] 6a (Vigorous). 2,000 in Chad (2002 SIL).

Mararit

[mgb] 6a (Vigorous). 42,400 (1993 census). 15,400 Mararit, 27,000 Abou Charib.

Marfa

[mvu] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (1999 SIL).

Masalit

[mls] 6a (Vigorous). 60,900 in Chad (2006), increasing. 106,000 Darfur refugees from Sudan (2010 UNHCR).

Masmaje

[mes] 6a (Vigorous). Ethnic population: 25,700 (1993 census).

Mawa

[mcw] 6a (Vigorous). 6,560 (2000).

Mogum

[mou] 6a (Vigorous). 7,000 (1997 SIL).

Morom

[bdo] 6a (Vigorous). 4,500 (2002 SIL).

Mubi

[mub] 6a (Vigorous). 35,300 (1993 census).

Mulgi

[mvh] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (2011 SIL).

Naba

[mne] 6a (Vigorous). 278,000 (2006). 137,000 Bilala, 76,700 Kuka, and 19,200 Medogo.

Ndam

[ndm] 6a (Vigorous). 6,500 (1990 census).

Ngete

[nnn] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 (1991 UBS).

Niellim

[nie] 6a (Vigorous). 5,160 (1993 census). 1,000 in Sarh City; 400 in Niou dialect.

Pana

[pnz] 6a (Vigorous). 1,000 in Chad (1999 SIL).

Runga

[rou] 6a (Vigorous). 21,500 in Chad (1993 census), decreasing. Population total all countries: 43,000.

Sinyar

[sys] 6a (Vigorous). 12,300 (2000).

Sokoro

[sok] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (1994 SIL).

Surbakhal

[sbj] 6a (Vigorous). 7,890 (2000).

Tama

[tma] 6a (Vigorous). 62,900 in Chad (1993 census). Population total all countries: 67,900.

Tedaga

[tuq] 6a (Vigorous). 28,500 in Chad (1993 census). Population total all countries: 42,500.

Tunia

[tug] 6a (Vigorous). 2,260 (1993 census).

Zaghawa

[zag] 6a (Vigorous). 87,000 in Chad (2006). 3,000 Bideyat.

Zan Gula

[zna] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (2003 SIL).

6b (Threatened)

Karanga

[kth] 6b (Threatened). 10,000 (1999 SIL). 4,700 Karanga and 1,420 Bakha.

Lagwan

[kot] 6b (Threatened).

Malgbe

[mxf] 6b (Threatened).

Mpade

[mpi] 6b (Threatened).

Saba

[saa] 6b (Threatened). 1,340 (2000).

Zerenkel

[zrn] 6b (Threatened). 2,240 (1993 census).

7 (Shifting)

Boor

[bvf] 7 (Shifting). 100 (1999 SIL).

Gadang

[gdk] 7 (Shifting). 2,500 (1997 SIL).

Jaya

[jyy] 7 (Shifting). 2,200 (1993 census).

Jonkor Bourmataguil

[jeu] 7 (Shifting). 1,500 (1993 SIL).

Kendeje

[klf] 7 (Shifting). 1,860 (2000).

Koke

[kou] 7 (Shifting). 600 (1993 census).

Kujarge

[vkj] 7 (Shifting). 1,000 (Bender 1983).

Laal

[gdm] 7 (Shifting). 750 (2000). Damtar village had its own dialect called Laabe with 3 speakers left in 1977.

Maslam

[msv] 7 (Shifting).

Mser

[kqx] 7 (Shifting).

Sarua

[swy] 7 (Shifting). 2,000 (1997 SIL).

Tamki

[tax] 7 (Shifting). 500 (1999 SIL).

Ubi

[ubi] 7 (Shifting). 1,100 (1995 SIL).

8a (Moribund)

Mbara

[mpk] 8a (Moribund). 1,000 (Tourneux, Seignobos, and LaFarge 1986).

Miltu

[mlj] 8a (Moribund). 270 (1993 census).

Toram

[trj] 8a (Moribund). 8,460 (2000).

8b (Nearly extinct)

Arabic, Babalia Creole

[bbz] 8b (Nearly extinct). 3,940 (1993 census).

Buso

[bso] 8b (Nearly extinct). 40 (Welmers 1971).

Fongoro

[fgr] 8b (Nearly extinct). A few elderly speakers (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Ethnic population: 1,000 (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007).

Goundo

[goy] 8b (Nearly extinct). 30 (1998).

Mabire

[muj] 8b (Nearly extinct). 3 (2001 SIL).

Massalat

[mdg] 8b (Nearly extinct). 10 (1991 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 29,800 (1993 census).

Noy

[noy] 8b (Nearly extinct). 36 (1993 census).

10 (Extinct)

Berakou

[bxv] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Horo

[hor] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Muskum

[mje] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Ethnologue

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