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Taiwan
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1 (National)
Chinese, Mandarin
[cmn]
1 (National). De facto national language. 4,320,000 in Taiwan (1993).
3 (Wider communication)
Chinese, Min Nan
[nan]
3 (Wider communication). De facto language of national identity. 15,000,000 in Taiwan (1997 A. Chang).
Japanese
[jpn]
3 (Wider communication).
4 (Educational)
Taiwan Sign Language
[tss]
4 (Educational). 20,000 (2004), decreasing. Decreasing slightly due to cochlear implants and other medical services. Ethnic population: 104,000 (2004).
Taroko
[trv]
4 (Educational). 20,000 (2008 R. Covell).
5 (Developing)
Amis
[ami]
5 (Developing). 138,000 (CIP-EY 2002). Ethnic population: 138,000.
Atayal
[tay]
5 (Developing). 84,300 (CIP-EY 2002). Ethnic population: 79,000 (1989), including 50 Mayrinax speakers left (Huang 2000).
Bunun
[bnn]
5 (Developing). 38,000 (CIP-EY 2002). Ethnic population: 38,000.
Chinese, Hakka
[hak]
5 (Developing). 2,370,000 in Taiwan (1993).
Paiwan
[pwn]
5 (Developing). 66,100 (CIP-EY 2002). Ethnic population: 66,100.
Rukai
[dru]
5 (Developing). 10,500 (CIP-EY 2002). Some monolingual older adults. Ethnic population: 10,500.
Yami
[tao]
5 (Developing). 3,380 (CIP-EY 2002). Ethnic population: 3,380.
6a (Vigorous)
Tsou
[tsu]
6a (Vigorous). 2,130 (CIP-EY 2002). Ethnic population: 2,130.
6b (Threatened)
Saisiyat
[xsy]
6b (Threatened). 4,750 (CIP-EY 2002). Tungho: more active use. Taai: a few speakers; nearly assimilated into Atayal. Ethnic population: 7,900.
7 (Shifting)
Puyuma
[pyu]
7 (Shifting). 8,490 (CIP-EY 2002). Ethnic population: 8,490.
8b (Nearly extinct)
Amis, Nataoran
[ais]
8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (Wurm 2000).
Kanakanabu
[xnb]
8b (Nearly extinct). 4 (2012 P. Jen-Kuei). A few other semi-speakers who have passive knowledge of the language. Ethnic population: 250 (UNESCO).
Kavalan
[ckv]
8b (Nearly extinct). 24 (2000 P. Li). Ethnic population: 1,000 (Tsukida and Tsuchida 2007).
Saaroa
[sxr]
8b (Nearly extinct). 10 (2012 C. Pan). Ethnic population: 300 (2000 UNESCO).
Thao
[ssf]
8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 300 (Tsukida and Tsuchida 2007).
9 (Dormant)
Babuza
[bzg]
9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 35.
Siraya
[fos]
9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers.
10 (Extinct)
Basay
[byq]
10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.
Ketangalan
[kae]
10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.
Kulon-Pazeh
[uun]
10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.
Papora-Hoanya
[ppu]
10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.
