Vanuatu

English

[eng] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1980, Constitution, Art 3(1)). 1,900 in Vanuatu (1995).

French

[fra] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1980, Consitution, Art 3(1)). 6,300 in Vanuatu (1995).

Bislama

[bis] 3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of national identity (1980, Constitution, Art 3(1)). 10,000 in Vanuatu (2011), increasing. Ethnic population: 95% Melanesian.

Hano

[lml] 3 (Wider communication). 6,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

4 (Educational)

Lakon

[lkn] 4 (Educational). 700 (2003 A. François).

5 (Developing)

Ambae, East

[omb] 5 (Developing). 5,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Ambae, West

[nnd] 5 (Developing). 8,700 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Ambrym, Southeast

[tvk] 5 (Developing). 3,700 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Aneityum

[aty] 5 (Developing). 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Apma

[app] 5 (Developing). 7,800 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Efate, North

[llp] 5 (Developing). 9,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Efate, South

[erk] 5 (Developing). 6,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Population includes Eton [etn].

Futuna-Aniwa

[fut] 5 (Developing). 1,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Kwamera

[tnk] 5 (Developing). 3,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Lamenu

[lmu] 5 (Developing). 850 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Very few monolinguals.

Lenakel

[tnl] 5 (Developing). 11,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Lewo

[lww] 5 (Developing). 2,200 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Only very elderly and very young are monolingual.

Lonwolwol

[crc] 5 (Developing). 1,200 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Malo

[mla] 5 (Developing). 4,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001), increasing.

Maskelynes

[klv] 5 (Developing). 1,100 (Lynch and Crowley 2001), increasing. No monolinguals.

Mele-Fila

[mxe] 5 (Developing). 3,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Paama

[pma] 5 (Developing). 6,000 (1996 SIL).

Tangoa

[tgp] 5 (Developing). 800 (2001 SIL).

Tanna, North

[tnn] 5 (Developing). 5,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Tanna, Southwest

[nwi] 5 (Developing). 4,500 (2011 SIL), increasing.

Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin

[upv] 5 (Developing). 9,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). 1,380 Atchin, 3,450 Uripiv-Wala-Rano.

V’ënen Taut

[nmb] 5 (Developing). 3,350 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

6a (Vigorous)

Akei

[tsr] 6a (Vigorous). 650 (Wurm and Hattori 1981).

Ambrym, North

[mmg] 6a (Vigorous). 5,250 (2001 SIL).

Aulua

[aul] 6a (Vigorous). 750 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Axamb

[ahb] 6a (Vigorous). 750 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Baetora

[btr] 6a (Vigorous). 1,330 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Banam Bay

[vrt] 6a (Vigorous). 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Butmas-Tur

[bnr] 6a (Vigorous). 520 (1983 SIL).

Daakaka

[bpa] 6a (Vigorous). 1,200 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Eton

[etn] 6a (Vigorous). 500 (1989 census).

Lelepa

[lpa] 6a (Vigorous). 400 (1989 census).

Lo-Toga

[lht] 6a (Vigorous). 650 (2007 A. François).

Löyöp

[urr] 6a (Vigorous). 250 (2007 A. François).

Mae

[mme] 6a (Vigorous). 1,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Marino

[mrb] 6a (Vigorous). 500 (2008 A. Henri), increasing.

Mwerlap

[mrm] 6a (Vigorous). 1,350 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Mwotlap

[mlv] 6a (Vigorous). 1,800 (2007 A. François), increasing.

Naha’ai

[mlx] 6a (Vigorous). 600 (1983 SIL).

Namakura

[nmk] 6a (Vigorous). 3,750 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Navut

[nsw] 6a (Vigorous). 520 (1983 SIL).

Nume

[tgs] 6a (Vigorous). 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Port Vato

[ptv] 6a (Vigorous). 1,300 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

[sax] 6a (Vigorous). 2,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Sakao

[sku] 6a (Vigorous). 4,000 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Seke

[ske] 6a (Vigorous). 300 (2011 K. Johnson).

Sie

[erg] 6a (Vigorous). 1,900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Unua

[onu] 6a (Vigorous). 750 (1999), increasing. 50 in Bush Unua.

Vao

[vao] 6a (Vigorous). 1,900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Vera’a

[vra] 6a (Vigorous). 300 (2005 A. François).

6b (Threatened)

Amblong

[alm] 6b (Threatened). 300.

Avava

[tmb] 6b (Threatened). 700 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Bierebo

[bnk] 6b (Threatened). 800 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Bieria

[brj] 6b (Threatened). 70 (Early 2006), decreasing.

Dorig

[wwo] 6b (Threatened). 200 (2003 A. François).

Emae

[mmw] 6b (Threatened). 400 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Fortsenal

[frt] 6b (Threatened). 450 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Hiw

[hiw] 6b (Threatened). 150 (2007 A. François).

Koro

[krf] 6b (Threatened). 160 (2003 A. François).

Larevat

[lrv] 6b (Threatened). 680 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Lehali

[tql] 6b (Threatened). 250 (2007 A. François). Ethnic population: 350.

Letemboi

[nms] 6b (Threatened). 800 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Lorediakarkar

[lnn] 6b (Threatened). 340 (2000). Ethnic population: 850.

Maewo, Central

[mwo] 6b (Threatened). 1,400 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Mafea

[mkv] 6b (Threatened). 250 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Maii

[mmm] 6b (Threatened). 180 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Malua Bay

[mll] 6b (Threatened). 500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Merei

[lmb] 6b (Threatened). 400 (1997 J. Chung). Ethnic population: 570.

Morouas

[mrp] 6b (Threatened). 150 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 210.

Mota

[mtt] 6b (Threatened). 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Mpotovoro

[mvt] 6b (Threatened). 430 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Nahavaq

[sns] 6b (Threatened). 600 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Narango

[nrg] 6b (Threatened). 160 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 230.

Neve’ei

[vnm] 6b (Threatened). 500 (Musgrave 2007). Ethnic population: 710.

Neverver

[lgk] 6b (Threatened). 1,250 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Ninde

[mwi] 6b (Threatened). 1,100 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Nokuku

[nkk] 6b (Threatened). 160 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 400.

Piamatsina

[ptr] 6b (Threatened). 150 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 210.

Polonombauk

[plb] 6b (Threatened). 120 (Wurm 2007). Ethnic population: 550.

Repanbitip

[rpn] 6b (Threatened). 90 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 130.

Rerep

[pgk] 6b (Threatened). 380 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 540.

Roria

[rga] 6b (Threatened). 75 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Shark Bay

[ssv] 6b (Threatened). 450 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Tasmate

[tmt] 6b (Threatened). 150 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 210.

Tiale

[mnl] 6b (Threatened). 400 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Tolomako

[tlm] 6b (Threatened). 900 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Tutuba

[tmi] 6b (Threatened). 500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Valpei

[vlp] 6b (Threatened). 300 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 430.

Vunapu

[vnp] 6b (Threatened). 380 (1983 SIL). Ethnic population: 540.

Wailapa

[wlr] 6b (Threatened). 100 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 140.

Wusi

[wsi] 6b (Threatened). 300 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

7 (Shifting)

Baki

[bki] 7 (Shifting). 350 (Lynch and Crowley 2001). Few monolinguals—youngest and oldest.

Dixon Reef

[dix] 7 (Shifting). 50 (1982 SIL). 80% of the ethnic group speaks Dixon Reef. Ethnic population: 60.

Whitesands

[tnp] 7 (Shifting). 7,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

8a (Moribund)

Tambotalo

[tls] 8a (Moribund). 50 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Ethnic population: 70.

8b (Nearly extinct)

Araki

[akr] 8b (Nearly extinct). 8.

Lemerig

[lrz] 8b (Nearly extinct). 2 (2008 A. François).

Litzlitz

[lzl] 8b (Nearly extinct). 15 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Maragus

[mrs] 8b (Nearly extinct). 15 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Nasarian

[nvh] 8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Olrat

[olr] 8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (2008).

Port Sandwich

[psw] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1,200 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Sowa

[sww] 8b (Nearly extinct). 20 (2011 SIL).

Ura

[uur] 8b (Nearly extinct). 6 (1998 T. Crowley).

Vurës

[msn] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1,100 (2011 SIL).

10 (Extinct)

Aore

[aor] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Ifo

[iff] 10 (Extinct). No remaining speakers.

Ethnologue

Vanuatu

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