Kalinga, Lubuagan

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A language of Philippines

ISO 639-3
knb
Population

30,000 (2008 V. Dumatog), increasing. Ethnic population: 5,000.

Location

Northern Luzon, Kalinga Province, Cordillera Region, Lubuagan; Tabuk city; Manila; Baguio city.

Language Maps
Language Status

4 (Educational).

Classification
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Philippine, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Kalinga
Dialects

Ableg-Salegseg, Balatok-Kalinga (Balatok-Itneg), Balbalasang, Guinaang, Lubuagan. Intelligibility of Balbalasang dialect 81%, Sumadel [ksc] 82%, Limos [kmk] 70%, 48% comprehension of Ilocano [ilo] narrative. Lexical similarity: 81% with Balbalasang and Limos.

Typology

VSO; prepositions; genitives before noun heads; articles, adjectives, and numerals normally before noun heads; relatives after noun heads; question word in sentence-initial position; 3 maximum suffixes; word order distinguishes subjects, objects, and indirect objects, and given and new information, topic and comment; affixes do not indicate case of noun phrases; verb affixes mark number; passives; causatives; comparatives; CV, CVC; nontonal

Language Use

All domains. All ages. Positive attitudes. Highly bilingual; also use English [eng] or Ilocano [ilo]; L2 acquired through school, travel, and media; L2 used in church (Ilokano), travel (Tagalog [tgl] and English), and media.

Language Development
Literacy rate in L1: 90%. Literacy rate in L2: 80%. Taught in primary schools. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1970–2005.
Language Resources
OLAC resources in and about Kalinga, Lubuagan
Writing
Latin script.
Other Comments

Traditional religion, Christian.