Panjabi, Eastern

Print

A language of India

ISO 639-3
pan
Alternate Names
Eastern Punjabi, Gurmukhi, Gurumukhi, Punjabi
Population

28,200,000 in India (2001 census). Population total all countries: 29,518,600.

Location

Punjab, south Firozpur district, Bhatyiana; Rajasthan, north Ganganagar district, Bhatyiana; Haryana; Delhi; Jammu and Kashmir. Majhi dialect in Punjab, Gurdaspur and Amritsar districts. Also in Bangladesh, Canada, Fiji, Kenya, Libya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States.

Language Maps
Language Status

2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Punjab, West Bengal states; union territories Delhi, Chandigarh (1950, Constitution, Schedule VIII).

Classification
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Panjabi
Dialects

Bathi, Bhatyiana (Bhatneri, Bhatti), Doab, Majhi, Malwa, Panjabi Proper, Powadhi. Western Panjabi [pnb] is distinct from Eastern Panjabi, although there is a chain of dialects to Western Hindi (Urdu) [urd]. Bhatyiana dialect considered a mixture of Panjabi and Marwari [mve]. Majhi considered the purest Panjabi form (Grierson and Konow 1901–1929).

Language Development
Radio programs. Grammar. Bible: 1959–2002.
Language Resources
OLAC resources in and about Panjabi, Eastern
Writing
Arabic script. Gurmukhi script, primary usage. Khojki script.
Other Comments

Associated with Sikhs. Different from Majhi [mjz] in India and Nepal. Sikh, Muslim (Bhatneri).

Also spoken in:

Expand All Collapse All