Languages of Bulgaria
[See also SIL publications on the languages of Bulgaria.]Republic of Bulgaria, Republika Bulgaria. 7,745,000. National or official language: Bulgarian. Literacy rate: 90%–98%. Immigrant languages: Armenian (27,000), Czech (9,000), Greek (11,000), Russian (18,000), Serbian (9,000). Information mainly from B. Comrie 1987. Blind population: 3,312. Deaf population: 533,544. Deaf institutions: 19. The number of individual languages listed for Bulgaria is 11. Of those, all are living languages.
| Albanian, Gheg | [aln]
1,000 in Bulgaria (Newmark 1982).
Classification: Indo-European, Albanian, Gheg
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| Aromanian | [rup]
10,600 in Bulgaria (2007). Associations in Peshtera, Velingrad, Dupnitsa, Rakitovo, and Blagoevgrad.
Alternate names: Armina, Arumanian, Macedo, Macedo-Rumanian, Romanian.
Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern
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| Bulgarian | [bul]
7,990,000 in Bulgaria (1986). Population total all countries: 9,097,220. Also in Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Libya, Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation (Europe), Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey (Europe), Ukraine, United States.
Alternate names: Balgarski.
Dialects: Palityan (Palitiani, Bogomil). Palityan dialect is functionally intelligible with Standard Bulgarian. The Pomak dialect spoken in Greece is similar to Serbian and Bulgarian; geographical dialect variation toward each.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern
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| Bulgarian Sign Language | [bqn]
Dialects: Different sign languages are used in the classroom and by adults outside.
Classification: Deaf sign language
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| Crimean Tatar | [crh]
6,000 in Bulgaria (2006 A. Goriainov). Northeast.
Alternate names: Crimean, Crimean Turkish.
Dialects: Northern Crimean (Crimean Nogai, Steppe Crimean), Central Crimean, Southern Crimean.
Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern
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| Gagauz | [gag]
12,000 in Bulgaria (1982). Varna coastal region.
Alternate names: Gagauzi.
Dialects: Bulgar Gagauz, Maritime Gagauz.
Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish
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| Macedonian | [mkd]
150,000 in Bulgaria. Pirin region, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia border.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern
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| Romani, Balkan | [rmn]
371,000 in Bulgaria (2001 census). 100,000 Arlija, 20,000 Dzambazi, 10,000 Tinsmiths, 10,000 East Bulgarian. Sofia to the Black Sea (Central dialect). Tinsmiths dialect is in central and northwest Bulgaria; Arlija in Sofia region.
Alternate names: Gypsy.
Dialects: Arlija, Tinners Romani, Greek Romani, Dzambazi, East Bulgarian Romani, Paspatian, Ironworker Romani.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Balkan
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| Romani, Vlax | [rmy]
500 in Bulgaria.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax
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| Russian Sign Language | [rsl]
Classification: Deaf sign language
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| Turkish | [tur]
747,000 in Bulgaria (2001 census). South, Kurdzhali Province and neighboring areas, along the Danube; various regions east.
Alternate names: Osmanli, Turki.
Dialects: Danubian, Razgrad, Dinler, Macedonian Turkish.
Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish
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