Languages of Georgia
Georgia. 4,473,000. National or official languages: Georgian, Abkhaz. Literacy rate: 99%. Immigrant languages: Armenian (448,000), Chechen, Greek (38,000), Lak (250), Lezgi (3,650), Lishán Didán (120), Pontic (120,000), Russian (372,000), Tatar (3,100), Turkish (3,100), Udi (500), Ukrainian (52,000). Information mainly from E. Haby 1975; A. Kibrik 1991; T. Sebeok 1963. The number of individual languages listed for Georgia is 13. Of those, all are living languages.
| Abkhaz | [abk]
101,000 in Georgia (1993). Population total all countries: 117,350. Abkhaz Republic, Black Sea coast. Also in Russian Federation (Asia), Turkey (Asia), Ukraine.
Alternate names: Abxazo.
Dialects: Bzyb, Abzhui, Samurzakan.
Classification: North Caucasian, West Caucasian, Abkhaz-Abazin
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| Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | [aii]
3,000 in Georgia (1999). Ethnic population: 14,000. Erevan and scattered throughout Transcaucasia.
Alternate names: Aisorski.
Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern
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| Azerbaijani, North | [azj]
360,000 in Georgia (2007).
Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani
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| Bats | [bbl]
3,420 (2000). Kakheti region, Talavei District, Zemo-Alvani (Upper Alvani).
Alternate names: Bac, Batsaw, Batsba, Batsbi, Batsbiitsy, Batsi, Tsova-Tush, Tush.
Classification: North Caucasian, East Caucasian, Nakh, Batsi
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| Bohtan Neo-Aramaic | [bhn]
1,000 in Georgia (1999 S. Fox). Mainly Garbadani village. Also in Russian Federation (Asia).
Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern
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| Georgian | [kat]
3,900,000 in Georgia (1993 UBS). Population total all countries: 4,255,270. Ethnic population: 3,981,000 (1993 UBS). Also in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation (Asia), Tajikistan, Turkey (Asia), Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States, Uzbekistan.
Alternate names: Common Kartvelian, Gruzinski, Kartuli.
Dialects: Imeretian, Racha-Lexchxum (Lechkhum), Gurian, Adzhar (Acharian), Imerxev Kartlian, Kaxetian (Kakhetian), Ingilo, Tush, Xevsur (Kheysur), Moxev (Mokhev), Pshav, Mtiul, Ferejdan, Meskhur-Javakhuri. Imerxev is in Turkey, Ferejdan may no longer be spoken in Iran.
Classification: Kartvelian, Georgian
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| Judeo-Georgian | [jge]
20,000 in Georgia (1995).
Classification: Kartvelian, Georgian
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| Kurdish, Northern | [kmr]
40,000 in Georgia (1991). Tblisi area.
Alternate names: Kurdî, Kurmancî, Kurmanji.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish
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| Laz | [lzz]
2,000 in Georgia (1982). Adjar, Georgia, a few villages.
Alternate names: Chan, Chanuri, Chanzan, Laze, Zan.
Dialects: Xopa (Hopa), Chxala (Ckhala), Vice-Arxava (Vital-Arkhava), Atina, Samurzakan-Zugdidi, Senaki.
Classification: Kartvelian, Zan
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| Mingrelian | [xmf]
500,000 (1989 B. Hewitt). Lowland west Georgia.
Alternate names: Margaluri, Megrel, Megruli.
Dialects: Officially considered a single language with Laz [lzz] called Zan, but linguists recognize they are not inherently mutually intelligible.
Classification: Kartvelian, Zan
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| Osetin | [oss]
100,000 in Georgia (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Population total all countries: 641,450. Also in Azerbaijan, Germany, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation (Asia), Tajikistan, Turkey (Asia), Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
Alternate names: Ossete, Ossetian.
Dialects: Digor, Tagaur, Kurtat, Allagir, Tual, Iron.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Northeastern
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| Svan | [sva]
15,000 (2000 A. Kibrik). Ethnic population: 15,000 (2000 A. Kibrik). Svantetia region.
Alternate names: Svanuri.
Dialects: Upper Bal, Lower Bal, Lashx, Lentex.
Classification: Kartvelian, Svan
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| Urum | [uum]
97,700 in Georgia (2000). Population total all countries: 192,700. Caucasus. Recent emigration from Georgia to Greece. Also in Greece, Ukraine.
Dialects: Related to Crimean Tatar [tat]. A number of inherently intelligible dialects.
Classification: Altaic, Turkic
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