Languages of Hungary
Republic of Hungary, Magyar Köztársaság. 10,198,315. National or official language: Hungarian. Literacy rate: 98%–99%. Immigrant languages: Bulgarian (1,300), Eastern Yiddish, Greek (1,920), Polish (2,580), Rusyn (1,110), Serbian (3,390), Ukrainian (4,890), Western Yiddish. Information mainly from B. Comrie 1987; I. Hancock 1979, 1987, 1988. Blind population: 83,040 (2001 census). Deaf population: 330,000. Deaf institutions: 17. The number of individual languages listed for Hungary is 9. Of those, all are living languages.
| Armenian | [hye]
290 in Hungary (2001 census).
Classification: Indo-European, Armenian
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| Croatian | [hrv]
14,300 in Hungary (2001 census). Ethnic population: 19,175. South border area.
Dialects: Croatian, Serbian.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
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| German, Standard | [deu]
33,800 in Hungary (2001 census). Ethnic population: 88,416.
Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German
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| Hungarian | [hun]
9,550,000 in Hungary (2001 census). 60,000–70,000 in Romania and Moldova speak Csango. Population total all countries: 12,501,270. Also in Australia, Austria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Israel, Romania, Russian Federation (Europe), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, United States.
Alternate names: Magyar.
Dialects: Alfold, Csango, West Danube, Danube-Tisza, King’s Pass Hungarian, Northeast Hungarian, Northwest Hungarian, Székely, West Hungarian. Most similar to the Uralic language Vogul (Mansi [mns]) in Siberia. Speakers of Standard Hungarian have difficulty understanding the Oberwart dialect spoken in Austria, and considerable difficulty understanding the Moldavian Csángó dialect spoken in Rumania.
Classification: Uralic
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| Hungarian Sign Language | [hsh]
30,000 to 60,000 deaf. Widespread.
Alternate names: Magyar Jelnyelv.
Dialects: Budapest, Sopron, Debrecen, Szeged, Eger, Kaposvár, Vác. Related to Austrian Sign Language. Dialects have some different signs for lexical items, similar or same grammar.
Classification: Deaf sign language
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| Romani, Balkan | [rmn]
In Hungary, 150,000 Gypsies speak a variety of Romani as L1 (Réger 1995). Ethnic population: 190,000.
Alternate names: Beás, Cigány, Roma.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Balkan
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| Romanian | [ron]
8,480 in Hungary (2001 census). Ethnic population: 9,162. East; Budapest.
Alternate names: Daco-Romanian, Moldavian, Rumanian.
Dialects: Boyash Romanian.
Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern
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| Slovak | [slk]
11,800 in Hungary (2001 census). Ethnic population: 26,631. Southeast and near Slovak-Hungary border.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak
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| Slovene | [slv]
3,190 in Hungary (2001 census). Near Slovenia border.
Alternate names: Slovenian.
Dialects: Prekmurski.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
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