Languages of Ireland
See language map.[See also SIL publications on the languages of Ireland.]
Republic of Ireland, Éire. 4,143,000. National or official languages: Irish Gaeli [gle], English. Literacy rate: 99%. Information mainly from J. Fishman 1991; R. McCrum, W. Cran, R. MacNeil 1986; M. Stephens 1976. Deaf population: 214,569. Deaf institutions: 36. The number of individual languages listed for Ireland is 5. Of those, all are living languages.
| English | [eng]
3,750,000 in Ireland (2005 Crystal).
Dialects: South Hiberno English, North Hiberno English.
Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English
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| Gaelic, Irish | [gle]
260,000 in Ireland (1983 census). Population total all countries: 391,470. Western isles northwest and southwest coasts; Galway, part of Mayo, Kerry, Donegal, Meath, Cork, Waterford, Scotland (Albain), Isle of Mann. Also in Brazil, Canada, United Kingdom, United States.
Alternate names: Erse, Gaeilge, Irish.
Dialects: Munster-Leinster (Southern Irish), Connacht (Western Irish), Donegal (Ulster, Northern Irish).
Classification: Indo-European, Celtic, Insular, Goidelic
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| Irish Sign Language | [isg]
Dublin and elsewhere.
Dialects: In 1816 British signs were introduced. Irish signs developed in the girls’ school in 1846, in the boys’ school in 1857. Related to French Sign Language [fsl]. There are informal male and female sign systems. Females learn the male system during dating and marriage. The informal system is referred to as ‘Deaf Sign Language’. Irish Sign Language is a new unified system, a manual code for English. It has structural features such as directional verbs. It has influenced sign languages in South Africa and Australia.
Classification: Deaf sign language
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| Scots | [sco]
100,000 in Ireland (1999 B. Kay). 60,000 in Lallans, 30,000 in Doric, 10,000 in Ulster. Donegal County.
Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English
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| Shelta | [sth]
6,000 in Ireland. Population total all countries: 86,000. Also in United Kingdom, United States.
Alternate names: Cant, Gammon, Irish Traveler Cant, Sheldru, The Cant.
Dialects: Based largely on Irish [gle] with influence from an undocumented source.
Classification: Mixed language, Irish-undocumented
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