Languages of Kyrgyzstan
See language map.[See also SIL publications on the languages of Kyrgyzstan.]
Kyrgyz Republic. 5,204,000. National or official languages: Kyrghyz, Russian. Literacy rate: 99%. Immigrant languages: Armenian (3,290), Bashkort (3,250), Belarusan (7,680), Chechen, Chuvash (2,090), Crimean Tatar (38,000), Dargwa (1,420), Erzya (5,390), Georgian (1,000), Halh Mongolian, Kalmyk-Oirat, Karachay-Balkar (2,460), Karakalpak, Kazakh (37,000), Korean (18,000), Lak (260), Lezgi (1,600), Lithuanian (430), North Azerbaijani (17,200), Northern Kurdish (14,000), Northern Uzbek (657,000), Romanian (1,380), Standard German (101,000), Tajiki (34,000), Tatar (70,000), Turkish, Turkmen (350), Ukrainian (109,000), Uyghur (37,000). Information mainly from T. Sebeok 1963. The number of individual languages listed for Kyrgyzstan is 3. Of those, all are living languages.
| Dungan | [dng]
40,000 in Kyrgyzstan (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Population total all countries: 42,200. Ethnic population: 100,000. Gansu mainly in Prschewalsk and Osh; Shaanxi in Kazakhstan, and Fergana, Uzbekistan. Also in Kazakhstan, Russian Federation (Asia), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Alternate names: Dzhunyan, Kwuizwu, Tungan, Zwn’jan.
Dialects: Ganzu (Gansu), Shaanxi (Shensi), Yage. Shaanxi and Ganzu varieties have difficult mutual inherent intelligibility. Debate over whether Dungan has 3 tones (a merging of 2 Standard Mandarin tones) or 4 tones (with only a partial merging of the 2 Standard Mandarin tones). Different from Mandarin in phonology and lexicon.
Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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| Kyrgyz | [kir]
2,450,000 in Kyrgyzstan (1993 UBS). Population total all countries: 2,893,354. Widespread. Also in Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation (Asia), Tajikistan, Turkey (Asia), United States, Uzbekistan.
Alternate names: Kara-Kirgiz, Kirghiz, Kirgiz.
Dialects: Northern Kyrgyz, Southern Kyrgyz.
Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian
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| Russian | [rus]
1,410,000 in Kyrgyzstan (1996).
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, East
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