Languages of Mongolia
[See also SIL publications on the languages of Mongolia.]Mongolian People’s Republic, Bügd Nayramdakh Mongol Ard Uls. 2,581,000. National or official language: Halh Mongolian. Literacy rate: 89%–90%. Immigrant languages: Japanese, Korean. Information mainly from N. Poppe 1970; T. Sebeok 1967. Blind population: 10,000 to 40,000 visually handicapped (1997). Deaf population: 10,000 to 147,330. The number of individual languages listed for Mongolia is 13. Of those, all are living languages.
| Buriat, Mongolia | [bxm]
64,900 (1995). Northeast, especially former Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic border.
Alternate names: Burraad, Buriat-Mongolian, Buryat, Mongolian Buriat, Northern Mongolian.
Dialects: Khori, Aga. Buriat in Mongolia is a variety of Khori and differs considerably from Buriat [bxu] of China and the Russian Federation. Influenced by Standard (Halh) Mongolian [khk].
Classification: Altaic, Mongolic, Eastern, Oirat-Khalkha, Khalkha-Buriat, Buriat
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| Chinese, Mandarin | [cmn]
35,000 in Mongolia (Johnstone 1993). 2,000 Qotong. Northwestern Mongolia, Uvs Aimag.
Alternate names: Hoton, Hui, Hui-Zu, Hytad, Mandarin, Northern Chinese, Qotong, Xui.
Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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| Darkhat | [drh]
20,400 (2000). North Mongolia, around Lake Khubsugul, Hövsgöl Aimag.
Classification: Altaic, Mongolic, Eastern, Oirat-Khalkha, Oirat-Kalmyk-Darkhat
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| Daur | [dta]
Alternate names: Daguor, Dagur, Dawar, Dawo’er, Tahuerh, Tahur.
Dialects: Buteha (Bataxan), Haila’er (Hailar), Qiqiha’er (Qiqihar, Tsitsikhar).
Classification: Altaic, Mongolic, Eastern, Dagur
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| Evenki | [evn]
1,000 in Mongolia (Krauss 1995). North Mongolia, Selenge Aimag.
Alternate names: Khamnigan, Solon, Tungus.
Classification: Altaic, Tungusic, Northern, Evenki
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| Kalmyk-Oirat | [xal]
206,000 in Mongolia. 139,000 Oirat, 55,100 Dorbot, 11,400 Torgut.
Alternate names: Oirat, Western Mongol.
Dialects: Jakhachin, Bayit, Mingat, Olot (Ööld, Elyut, Eleuth), Khoshut (Khoshuud), Uriankhai, Khoton (Hoton).
Classification: Altaic, Mongolic, Eastern, Oirat-Khalkha, Oirat-Kalmyk-Darkhat
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| Kazakh | [kaz]
182,000 in Mongolia (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Northwest Mongolia, Bayan-Olgiy Aimag, mining communities east of the capital; far east Choibalsan area.
Alternate names: Kaisak, Kazakhi, Kazax, Kosach, Qazaq, Qazaqi.
Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian
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| Mongolian | [mon]
A macrolanguage.
Population total all countries: 5,720,670.
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| Mongolian Sign Language | [msr]
Unknown number of users out of 10,000 to 147,330 deaf (1998).
Classification: Deaf sign language
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| Mongolian, Halh | [khk]
2,330,000 in Mongolia (1995). 32,300 Dariganga. Population total all countries: 2,341,240. Former Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Russian Federation and Issyk-Kul Oblast of Kyrgyzstan. Also in Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation (Asia), Taiwan, United States.
Alternate names: Central Mongolian, Halh, Khalkha Mongolian, Mongol.
Dialects: Halh (Khalkha), Dariganga, Khotogoit, Sartul, Tsongol.
Classification: Altaic, Mongolic, Eastern, Oirat-Khalkha, Khalkha-Buriat, Mongolian Proper
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| Mongolian, Peripheral | [mvf]
Alternate names: Southern-Eastern Mongolian.
Dialects: Ujumchin (Uzemchin, Ujumuchin), Jostu (Kharchin, Kharachin), Tumut (Tumet), Jirim (Khorchin), Urat, Ordos.
Classification: Altaic, Mongolic, Eastern, Oirat-Khalkha, Khalkha-Buriat, Mongolian Proper
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| Russian | [rus]
4,000 in Mongolia (Johnstone 1993).
Alternate names: Russki.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, East
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| Tuva | [tyv]
27,000 in Mongolia (Johnstone 1993). North and west Monolia, Hövsgöl and Hovd Aimags.
Alternate names: Diba, Kök, Mungak, Soyod, Soyon, Soyot, Tannu-Tuva, Tuba, Tuva-Uriankhai, Tuvan, Tuvia, Tuvin, Tuvinian, Tuwa-Uriankhai, Uriankhai, Uryankhai-Monchak.
Dialects: Kokchulutan, Khöwsögöl Uigur.
Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Northern
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| Uyghur | [uig]
1,000 in Mongolia (1982). North Mongolia, Hövsgöl Aimag.
Alternate names: Uighuir, Uighur, Uiguir, Uigur, Uygur.
Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Eastern
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