Languages of Serbia
Republic of Serbia. 9,863,000. National or official languages: Serbian; regional languages: Hungarian, Gheg Albanian, Slovak, Croatian. Literacy rate: 90%–93%. Immigrant languages: Macedonian (120,000), Polish (25,000), Russian (50,000), Rusyn (30,000), Slovene, Turkish (60,000), Ukrainian (2,960). Information mainly from B. Comrie 1987; M. Stephens 1976. Blind population: 23,000 in the former larger Yugoslavia (1982 WCE). Deaf population: 60,000 (VanCleve 1986). Deaf institutions: 56. The number of individual languages listed for Serbia is 14. Of those, all are living languages.
| Albanian, Gheg | [aln]
1,630,000 in Serbia. Population total all countries: 4,156,090. Ethnic population: 2,000,000 (1998 Los Angeles Times). Kosovo. Also in Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Slovenia, United States.
Alternate names: Geg, Shgip.
Dialects: Not intelligible with Tosk Albanian.
Classification: Indo-European, Albanian, Gheg
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| Aromanian | [rup]
15,000 in Serbia (Society of Aromanians). Belgrade, Vojvodine and Kosovo.
Alternate names: Macedo Romania.
Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern
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| Bosnian | [bos]
135,000 in Serbia (2006).
Dialects: Ijekavían, Ikavian.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
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| Bulgarian | [bul]
60,000 in Serbia (2006) in Serbia. Dmitrovgrad and Bosiljgrad districts.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern
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| Croatian | [hrv]
114,000 in Serbia (2006).
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
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| Czech | [ces]
40,000 in Serbia (2006).
Alternate names: Bohemian, Cestina.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak
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| Hungarian | [hun]
451,000 in Serbia (1986). Vojvodine.
Alternate names: Magyar.
Classification: Uralic
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| Romani, Balkan | [rmn]
120,000 in Serbia. 100,000 Arlija, 20,000 Dzambazi. Population total all countries: 709,570. Balkans, Kosovo. Also in Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Turkey (Europe), Ukraine, United States.
Dialects: Arlija, Dzambazi, Tinners Romani. Arlija dialect (252,000 to 367,000 total) understood by Greek Romani and Dzambazi.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Balkan
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| Romani, Sinte | [rmo]
31,000 in Serbia. 30,000 Serbian, 1,000 Manouche. Population total all countries: 318,920. Kosovo. Also in Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Switzerland.
Alternate names: Rommanes, Sinte, Sinti.
Dialects: Abbruzzesi, Slovenian-Croatian Romani, Serbian Romani. Croatian, Slovenian, and Serbian Romani speakers understand each other. Possibly quite distinct from German varieties. Sinte is characterized by German influence. Not intelligible with Vlax Romani [rmy]. A Gypsy language.
Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern
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| Romanian | [ron]
250,000 in Serbia (1995 Iosif Bena). Vojvodine; Timoc Valley.
Alternate names: Daco-Rumanian, Moldavian, Rumanian.
Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern
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| Romano-Serbian | [rsb]
172,000 (2006).
Alternate names: Tent Gypsy.
Dialects: Related to Serbian [srp] with influences from Romani.
Classification: Mixed language, Serbian-Romani
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| Serbian | [srp]
4,500,000 in Serbia (2006). Population total all countries: 7,020,550. Also in Albania, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Libya, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation (Europe), Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (Europe), Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United States, Zambia.
Alternate names: Montenegrin.
Dialects: Shtokavski (Stokavian), Torlakian.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
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| Serbo-Croatian | [hbs]
A macrolanguage.
Population total all countries: 16,351,052.
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| Slovak | [slk]
80,000 in Serbia (1996 W. Brown). Vojvodine.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak
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| Yugoslavian Sign Language | [ysl]
30,000 users out of 60,000 deaf persons in former larger Yugoslavia (Van Cleve 1986). Also in Slovenia.
Alternate names: Slovenian Sign Language.
Dialects: Serbian Sign Language. Origin from deaf schools in Austria and Hungary. Regional variants, but adequate comprehension. Efforts to standardize since 1979. Slovenian Sign Language [ysl] used in Slovenia is dialect.
Classification: Deaf sign language
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