Birhor
A language of India
| Population | 10,000 (1998). Nomadic habits make assessment difficult. Some estimates as low as 1,000 (Parkin 1991). |
| Region | Jharkhand, southern Hazaribag, southern Palamau, Singhbhum, and Ranchi districts; Chhattisgarh, Raigarh District; Orissa, Sundargarh, Kalahandi, Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj, Sambalpur districts; West Bengal, Puruliya District; Maharashtra. |
| Alternate names | Bihor, Birhar, Birhore, Birhul, Mankidi, Mankidia, Mankiria |
| Dialects | Lexical similarity: 55%–72% with Santhali [sat], Ho [hoc], Mundari [unr], Munda [unx]. |
| Classification | Austro-Asiatic, Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, Mundari |
| Language use | Vigorous. No indication of language shift. Most domains. Positive attitude. Also use Sadri [sck], Santhali [sat], Ho [hoc], Mundari [unr], Munda [unx], Hindi, or Oriya [ori]. |
| Language development | Literacy rate in L1: Below 1%. Literacy rate in L2: 10% Hindi. |
| Comments | A Scheduled Tribe. Traditionally nomadic. Rope makers; hunter-gatherers; fishermen; agriculturalists. Hindu, traditional religion. |
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