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Ethnologue > Web version > Country index > Americas > Venezuela > Carib

Carib

A language of Venezuela

ISO 639-3: car

Population	4,450 in Venezuela (2001 census). Population total all countries: 7,430. Ethnic population: 16,679.
Region	Monagas and Anzoategui states, northeast near Orinoco River mouth, a few communities in Bolivar state, just south of Orinoco. Also in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname.
Language map	Venezuela, reference number 6
Alternate names	Caribe, Cariña, Galibi, Kalihna, Kalinya
Dialects	Tabajari.
Classification	Carib, Northern, Galibi
Language use	Quite well integrated into Venezuelan culture, though they do speak their own language among themselves. Home. All ages.
Language development	Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 2003.
Writing system	Latin script.

Also spoken in:

Brazil

Language name	Carib
Population	100 in Brazil (1995 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,794 in Brazil (2004 ISA).
Region	State of Amapá.
Language map	Brazil, reference number 86
Alternate names	Caribe, Cariña, Galibí, Kalihna, Kalinya, Maraworno, Marworno
Dialects	Tyrewuju (Eastern Carib).
Comments	Called Galibi in Brazil. Portuguese-Carib creole people (Galibí do Uaça) also speak Karipuna Creole French [kmv].

French Guiana

Language name	Carib
Population	1,200 in French Guiana.
Region	Coastal areas.
Language map	French Guiana and Suriname
Alternate names	Caribe, Cariña, Galibi, Kalihna, Kalinya
Dialects	Tyrewuju (Eastern Carib).

Guyana

Language name	Carib
Population	480 in Guyana (1991). The ethnic group represents 6% of the Amerindians in Guyana. Ethnic population: 3,000 in Guyana (2000 J. Forte).
Region	West coast and northwest.
Language map	Guyana
Alternate names	Caribe, Cariña, Galibi, Kalihna, Kalinya
Dialects	Murato (Myrato, Western Carib).

Suriname

Language name	Carib
Population	1,200 in Suriname (Carlin 2001). Ethnic population: 3,000.
Region	North coast. Eastern dialect primarily in Albina and in French Guiana, Brazil, and Venezuela; western dialect in central and western areas of Suriname and in Guyana.
Language map	French Guiana and Suriname
Alternate names	Caribe, Cariña, Galibí, Kali’na, Kalihna, Kalinya, Maraworno
Dialects	Murato (Myrato, Western Carib), Tyrewuju (Eastern Carib).
Language use	All ages. Eastern is the prestige dialect in Suriname. Central dialect users reportedly bilingual and shifting to Sranan [srn]. Also use Dutch [nld].
Language development	Literacy rate in L1: Below 1%. Literacy rate in L2: 25%–50%.
Comments	Their own name for the language is ‘Kari’na auran’, ‘Kari’na’ for the people. The name in Dutch is ‘Kara’ibs’, in French ‘Galibí’, in Spanish ‘Caribe’, in English ‘Carib’.

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

ALLEYNE, Mervyn C.; FERREIRA, Jo-Anne S., authors. 2007. "Comparative perspectives on the origins, development and structure of Amazonian (Karipúna) French Creole."  

ALOEMA, Nardo; PIERRE, Marie Jeanne; ZIEL, Cornelis N. van der, compilers. 1987. Kalihna—Nederlands woordenboek.

ANONBY, Stan, author. 2007. "A report on the creoles of Amapá."  

COURTZ, Hendrik, compiler. 2008. A Carib grammar and dictionary.

COURTZ, Henk, author. 1998. Karaïbs natuurwoordenboek.

COURTZ, Henk, compiler. 1997. Karaïbs - Nederlands woordenboek.

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1979. Review of: Carib-speaking Indians: Culture, society and language, Ellen B. Basso, editor.

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C.; PULLUM, Geoffrey K., authors. 1979. "A select bibliography of Guiana Carib languages."

GRIMES, Joseph E., editor. 1972. Languages of the Guianas.  

HOFF, Berend J., author. 1990. "The non-modal particles of the Carib language of Surinam and their influence on constituent order."

HUTTAR, George L., author. 1970. Review of: The Carib language, by Berend J. Hoff.

PEASGOOD, Edward T., author. 1972. "Carib phonology."  

Vernacular Publications

Erowara amoekonymbo kariʼna mandon. 1980.

Karaïbs voor beginners. 1999.

Kariʼna nekarityʼsan. 1999.

Kariʼna torirykon. 1997.

Kytoenarykon. 1971.

kywejhtokon = Social Studies Book (Geography) = Ons Land . 1972.

Onewara matiry ekabotypo. 1982.

Onewara tuna yjary eneʼpo naʼna wa. 1995.

Oty mengary jako momebae kopore. 1989.

Oty wa jeporypo Maurauni po (Wat me overkomen is in het district Marowijne). 1984.

Pyindo toriry. 1981.

Samaku undyʼpo wyino parana kupo. 1993.

Uwapo. 1993.

Waiwaru, Wasai maro. 1995.

Wajamy toriry (Enkele schildpadverhalen). 1982.

Ynewara tuna yjary enepo naʼna wa (Hoe wij het binnenland zagen). 1987.

Ynewara wytopotypo utapo po, amykon noro auranano maro. 1991.