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Greek

A language of Greece

ISO 639-3: ell

Population	10,700,000 in Greece (2002 census). Population total all countries: 13,084,490.
Region	Widespread, especially in Greek Macedonia. Also in Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bulgaria, Canada, Congo, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Libya, Macedonia, Malawi, Mozambique, Paraguay, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation (Europe), Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey (Europe), Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States.
Language map	Greece and Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Alternate names	Ellinika, Graecae, Grec, Greco, Neo-Hellenic, Romaic
Dialects	Katharevousa, Dimotiki, Saracatsan. Katharevousa is an archaic literary dialect, Dimotiki is the spoken literary dialect and now the official dialect. The Saracatsan are nomadic shepherds of northern Greece. The Greek of Italy and that of Corsica are probably separate languages (1992 R. Zamponi). In Cyprus, the dialect is reportedly more similar to Classical Greek [grc] in some vocabulary and grammar than that spoken in Greece, and to have many Arabic and Turkish [tur] loanwords. Lexical similarity: 84%–93% with Greek in Cyprus.
Classification	Indo-European, Greek, Attic
Language use	Official language.
Language development	Fully developed. Bible: 1840–1994.
Writing system	Cyrillic script, used in Ukraine. Greek script.
Comments	Greeks in the Russian Federation and Ukraine speak either Greek or Turkish and are called ‘Urums’. The Karamanli were Orthodox Christian Turks who came from central Turkey. SVO.

Also spoken in:

Albania

Language name	Greek
Population	60,000 in Albania (1989).
Region	South.

Cyprus

Language name	Greek
Population	689,000 in Cyprus (2002 census).
Region	Nearly all in south Cyprus.
Language map	Cyprus
Dialects	Cypriot Greek.
Language use	National language.
Comments	Christian.

Egypt

Language name	Greek
Population	42,000 in Egypt (2004).
Region	Alexandria.
Language map	Egypt and Libya

France

Language name	Greek
Region	Cargese, Corsica.
Dialects	Cargese.
Language use	Shifted to French.

Italy

Language name	Greek
Population	20,000 in Italy (Vincent 1987).
Region	South, east of Reggio; Salento (Colimera, Sternatía, Zollino) and Aspromonte (Bova, Condofuri, Palizzi, Roccoforte, Roghudi).
Alternate names	Greco
Dialects	Salento, Aspromonte.
Language use	Mostly older adults.

Romania

Language name	Greek
Population	4,150 in Romania (2002 census).
Language use	The Karakatchan are Romanian nomadic shepherds who speak Greek.

Turkey (Europe)

Language name	Greek
Population	4,000 in Turkey (1993).
Region	Istanbul City.
Comments	Nearly all Greeks emigrated from Turkey. There were 1,500,000 in Turkey in 1900.

Ukraine

Language name	Greek
Population	7,210 in Ukraine (1970 census). Ethnic population: 106,909.
Region	Donetsk Oblast, Mariupol town. 18 villages.
Language map	Ukraine
Dialects	Mariupol Greek (Tavro-Rumeic, Crimeo-Rumeic).
Language use	Most ethnic Greeks speak Russian as L1. Some speak Urum [uum] (Podolsky 1985).

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

ALSOP, John R., editor. 1981. An index to the revised Bauer-Arndt-Gingrich lexicon.

BLACK, Cheryl A.; MARLETT, Stephen A., authors. 1996. On generating the Greek noun phrase.

BODINE, Walter R., author. 1999. Celebration of a discipline: On the study of Hebrew and Greek.

FRIBERG, Timothy, author. 1978. The discourse structure of the Greek text of Galatians.

FRIBERG, Timothy, author. 1982. New Testament Greek word order in light of discourse considerations.

GREENLEE, J. Harold, author. 2000. ‘Oτι’ and ‘Iνα’ content clauses.

HARGRAVE, David J., author. 1974. The significance of Paul’s use of rock (ŋETPA) in I Corinthians 10:4.

HARM, Harry J., author. 1983. "Word order in Jude."

KOLGJINI, Julie May, author. 2001. Review of: Comparative syntax of Balkan languages, Maria-Luisa Rivero and Angela Ralli, editors.

LARSEN, Iver A., author. 2001. Word order and relative prominence in New Testament Greek: a new look.

LEVINSOHN, Stephen H., author. 1992. Discourse features of New Testament Greek: a coursebook.

LEVINSOHN, Stephen H., author. 2000. Discourse Features of New Testament Greek: A Coursebook on the Information Structure of New Testament Greek.  

MALONE, Terry, author. 1980. The double accusative in Koine Greek: a syntactic study.

MANABE, Takashi, author. 1978. Topic-comment based linguistics model and its application to Greek and Japanese.

MARLETT, Stephen A., author. 1976. Copy-raising in Koine Greek.

MARLETT, Stephen A., author. 1987. Extraction from complement clauses in Koine Greek.

MIEHLE, Helen L., author. 1981. Theme in Greek hortatory discourse: Van Dijk and Beekman-Callow approaches applied to I John.

POPE, Anthony, author. 1988. "The use of the present indicative to signal future time in New Testament Greek, with special reference to the Gospel of John."

RADNEY, J. Randolph, author. 1988. "Some factors that influence fronting in Koine clauses."

TAUBERSCHMIDT, Gerhard, author. 2001. Secondary parallelism: a study of translation technique in LXX Proverbs.

TRAIL, Ronald L., author. 2003. An exegetical study of Revelation 1-11.

UNSETH, Peter, author. 1981. The structure and rhetorical effect of seven questions in Koiné Greek.

VAN OTTERLOO, Roger, author. 1988. "Towards an understanding of ‘lo’ and ‘behold’ functions of idoú and idɛ in the Greek New Testament."

WERNER, John, author. 1985. "When is past not past? (the epistolary aorist)."