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Gujari

A language of India

ISO 639-3: gju

Population	690,000 in India (2000). Population total all countries: 992,000. Ethnic population: 1,600,000 (2002) in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Delhi.
Region	Jammu, Line of Control border tahsils; Kashmir, Kukernag, Kangan, Tral, Doru, Pahalgam, Shopian, Kulgam, Handwara, Karnah, Kupwara, Uri tahsils; Himachal Pradesh; Uttarakhand. Also in Afghanistan, Pakistan.
Alternate names	Gujuri, Gujer, Gujar, Gujjari, Gurjar, Gojri, Gogri, Kashmir Gujuri, Rajasthani Gujuri, Gojari, Hindki, Parimu
Dialects	Ajiri of Hazara. Poonchi [phr] may be understood by others and form the basis for a standard dialect. In Pakistan, Eastern Gujari appears more similar to Northern Hindko [hno] or Pahari-Potwari [phr]. Western Gujari appear to understand the Eastern dialect better than vice versa. Comparison with India varieties is needed. Lexical similarity: between Uttar Pradesh and Pakistan average 60%, with Poonchi 76%.
Classification	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Unclassified A member of macrolanguage Rajasthani [raj] (India).
Language use	In general, Hindu agriculturalists have not retained Gujari language and culture, whereas Muslim Gujari have. Gujars outside Jammu-Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh do not speak Gujari, but regional languages. All domains. Positive attitude. Also use Hindi, Urdu [urd], Kannada Kurumba [kfi], Garwhali [gbm], Kullu, Jaunsari [jns], Kashmiri [kas], or Dogri [dgo].
Language development	Literacy rate in L2: 5%–15%. Poetry. Magazines. Radio programs. TV.
Writing system	Arabic script, Nastaliq style. Devanagari script, no longer in use, plans for future development using this script.
Comments	A Scheduled Tribe. Muslim Gujari are transhumant pastoralists: Bakarwal goats, sheep, Dodhi buffalo. Hindu Gujari are agriculturalists. Muslim, some Hindu.

Also spoken in:

Afghanistan

Language name	Gujari
Population	2,000 in Afghanistan (1994).
Region	Nomads traveling in summer in eastern valleys.
Alternate names	Gojari, Gojri, Gujuri Rajasthani
Language development	Literacy rate in L1: Below 1%. Literacy rate in L2: Below 5%.
Comments	Pastoralists. Muslim.

Pakistan

Language name	Gujari
Population	300,000 in Pakistan (1992). 2,910 in Chitral (1969), 20,000 in Swat Kohistan (1987), 200,000 to 700,000 in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1989).
Region	North Pakistan widespread, east in Hazara District, NWFP, Kaghan Valley, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir. Scattered in south Chitral, Swat Kohistan; Dir Kohistan, NWFP; Gilgit Agency.
Language maps	Northern Pakistan, reference number 11 Southern Pakistan
Alternate names	Gogri, Gojari, Gojri, Gujer, Gujjari, Gujuri, Gujuri Rajasthani, Kashmir Gujuri
Dialects	Western Gujari, Eastern Gujari.
Language use	Reportedly most Gujars in Pakistani Punjab have shifted to Panjabi [pnb]. Spoken in some pockets of Punjab by immigrants from elsewhere.
Comments	Some move with herds up in summer, down in winter. Some nomadic pastoralists; some settled agriculturalists. Muslim.

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

HALLBERG, Calinda E.; O'LEARY, Clare F., authors. 1992. "Dialect variation and multilingualism among Gujars of Pakistan."

HALLBERG, Calinda E.; O'LEARY, Clare F.; RENSCH, Calvin R., authors. 1992. Hindko and Gujari.  

Vernacular Publications

Badshahan ka qisa. 2006.

Gojri harfan ko qaido. 2006.

Gojri lok kahanen (kaghani Gojri). 2006.

Gujran ko mashkulo (Alaiwal gojri ma purana qisa). 2006.

Languages of northern Pakistan 2004. 2003.

Sajri lo - Gojri qaido. 2006.