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Ethnologue > Web version > Country index > Asia > Israel > Hebrew, Ancient

Hebrew, Ancient

An extinct language of Israel

ISO 639-3hbo

Population  Extinct.
Alternate names   Old Hebrew
Classification  Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Canaanite
Language use  Liturgical language; the text of Jewish Bible.
Language development  OT: c. 2000–400 B.C.
Comments  Jewish.

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

Abela, Anthony. 2003. "Suggestions for a discourse analysis of Amos 5:1-6:14."

Andersen, T. David. 2006. Topicality and functional voice in Hebrew and Moronene, with application to translation.

Bailey, Nicholas A. 1983. A tense-aspect-discourse study of the Hebrew perfect verb in Genesis narrative.

Bailey, Nicholas A. 2004. "A second look at double preverbal constituents."

Barnwell, Katharine and Hanni Kuhn. 2007. Translator's notes on Genesis volume one: 1-11:26 : helps on understanding and translating the book of Genesis.  Available for purchase

Barnwell, Katharine. 2007. Translator's notes on Malachi: helps on understanding and translating the book written by Malachi.  Available for purchase

Bliese, Loren F. 1988. "Metrical sequences and climax in the poetry of Joel."

Bliese, Loren F. 2003. "Lexical and numerical patterns in the structure of Micah."

Bodine, Walter R. 1999. "Celebration of a discipline: On the study of Hebrew and Greek."

Buth, Randall J. 1983. Review of: a history of the Hebrew language, by Eduard Yechezkel Kutscher.

Buth, Randall J. 1992. "The Hebrew verb in current discussions."

Condra, Ed. 2002. Salvation for the righteous revealed: Jesus amid covenantal and messianic expectations in second temple Judaism.

Daams, Nico. 2005. "Translating YHWH."  Available online

Daley, Stephen C. 2002. "Textual influence of the Qumran scrolls on English Bible versions."

Daley, Stephen C. 2007. The textual basis of English translations of the Hebrew Bible.

Eskhult, Mats. 2004. Review of: Verbal meaning: a linguistic, literary, and theological framework for the interpretive categories of the Hebrew verb as elaborated in the book of Ruth, by Bo-Krister Ljungberg.

Floor, Sebastiaan Jonathan. 2004. From information structure, topic and focus, to theme in Biblical Hebrew narrative.

Follingstad, Carl Martin. 2001. Deictic viewpoint in Biblical Hebrew text: a syntagmatic and paradigmatic analysis of the particle kî.  Available for purchase

Fouts, David M. 2000. "Who really killed Goliath? 2 Samuel 21:19 versus 1 Chronicles 20:5."

Gray, David K. H. 2007. "A new analysis of a key Hebrew term: the semantics of "galah" (`to go into exile’)."

Gray, David Kenneth Holford. 2006. A study of the influence of new literary critical approaches on translation of the Old Testament with special reference to the story of Isaac's family.

Harmelink, Bryan L. 2004. Exploring the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic uses of vayhi in Biblical Hebrew.

Hosch, Harold E. 2002. "’RUAH’ in the book of Ezekiel: a textlinguistic analysis."

Jemphrey, Michael. 2007. "Translating the Levitical sacrifices."  Available online

Johnston, James Derek. 2003. Literary techniques in the book of Ruth.

Kasten, Douglas L. 2000. "Narrator devices in Joshua’s ruse: translating Joshua 8:15."

Kuhn, Hanna. 1989. "Why are Job’s opponents still made to eat broom-root?."

Lee, S. Noah. 2002. "The use of the definite article in the development of some Biblical toponyms."

Lee, S. Noah. 2003. "Cohesion in the books of the Hebrew Bible and its interpretation."

Levinsohn, Stephen H. 1990. "Unmarked and marked instances of topicalization in Hebrew."

Levinsohn, Stephen H. 2000. "NP references to active participants and story development in ancient Hebrew."  Available online

Levinsohn, Stephen H. 2002. Review of: Topic, focus and foreground in ancient Hebrew narratives, by Jean-Marc Heimerdinger.

Levinsohn, Stephen H. 2006. "Reasoning styles and types of hortatory discourse."  Available online

Levinsohn, Stephen H. 2006. "Towards a typology of story development marking (repeatedly naming the subject: The Hebrew equivalent of Greek Δέ)."  Available online

Lode, Lars. 2002. "The two creation stories in Genesis chapters 1-3."

Longacre, R. E. 1992. "Discourse perspective on the Hebrew verb: affirmation and restatement."

Longacre, Robert E. 1961. "From tagma to tagmeme in Biblical Hebrew."

Longacre, Robert E. 1982. "Verb ranking and the constituent structure of discourse."

Longacre, Robert E. 1986. "Who sold Joseph into Egypt?."

Longacre, Robert E. 1992. "The analysis of preverbal nouns in biblical Hebrew narrative: some overriding concerns."

Longacre, Robert E. 1994. "‘Weqatal’ forms in biblical Hebrew prose: a discourse-modular approach."

Longacre, Robert E. 1995. "Building for the worship of God: Exodus 25:1 - 30:10."

Longacre, Robert E. 1995. "Genesis as soap opera: Some observations about storytelling in the Hebrew Bible."

Longacre, Robert E. 2003. "A textlinguistic analysis of Psalm 19: general and special revelation."

Longacre, Robert E. 2003. "Discourse structure, verb forms, and archaism in Psalm 18."

Longacre, Robert E. 2006. "Discourse structure, verb forms, and archaism in Psalm 18."  Available online

Longacre, Robert E. and Shin Ja J. Hwang. 1994. "A textlinguistic approach to the biblical Hebrew narrative of Jonah."

Lunn, Nicholas Peter. 2004. Word order variation in Biblical Hebrew poetry: the role of pragmatics and poetics in the verbal clause.

Müller, Christoph. 2005. Les verbes d'Amos 7 et leur fonction dans l'analyse du discours de l'hébreu biblique.

Newman, Barclay M. 2001. "Mother goose and poppa gander."

Quick, Philip A. 1985. Resumptive repetition—a cohesive discourse feature in biblical Hebrew (Genesis 1-15).

Schaefer, Nancy A. 2004. "Genre considerations for Micah 6:1-8."

Silzer, Peter James and Thomas John Finley. 2004. How Biblical languages work: a student’s guide to learning Hebrew and Greek.

Some, Joachim. 2003. "Isaiah 7:1-17 revisited: a literary reading."

Talstra, Eep. 1992. "Text grammar and Biblical Hebrew: The viewpoint of Wolfgang Schneider."

Tauberschmidt, Gerhard. 2001. Secondary parallelism: a study of translation technique in LXX Proverbs.

Tauberschmidt, Gerhard. 2004. Secondary parallelism: a study of translation technique in LXX Proverbs.

Tauberschmidt, Gerhard. 2005. "Considerations for OT translation."  Available online

Wardlaw, Terrance Randall. 2006. Conceptualizing words for 'God' within the Pentateuch: a cognitive-semantic investigation in literary context.

Wardlaw, Terry. 2001. "Translating ’sin’: what does the Old Testament have to say?."

Warren, Andy. 1998. Modality, reference and speech acts in the Psalms.  Available online

Warren-Rothlin, Andy. 2007. "Politeness strategies in Biblical Hebrew and West African languages."  Available online

Wendland, Ernst R. 2002. Analyzing the Psalms: with exercises for Bible students and translators.  Available for purchase

Wendland, Ernst R. and David J. Clark. 2003. "Zephaniah: anatomy and physiology of a dramatic prophetic text."

Zogbo, Lynell. 2003. "Rhetorical devices and structure "at the service" of the message: the final vision in the book of Amos."