16th edition

US$ 100.00

Ethnologue > Web version > Country index > Americas > Brazil > Hixkaryána

Hixkaryána

A language of Brazil

ISO 639-3: hix

Population	600 (2000 SIL). 89 Xereuyana (1986 SIL). Ethnic population: 600 (2000).
Region	Amazonas, upper Nhamunda River to Mapuera and Jatapú rivers.
Language map	Brazil, reference number 28
Alternate names	Chawiyana, Faruaru, Hichkaryana, Hishkaryana, Hixkariana, Kumiyana, Parucutu, Parukoto-Charuma, Sherewyana, Sokaka, Wabui, Xereu, Xerewyana
Dialects	Similar to Waiwai [waw]. No dialectal variation. The Sherewyana speak Hixkaryana but some live with the Waiwai.
Classification	Carib, Southern, Southern Guiana
Language development	Literacy rate in L1: 30%–60%. Literacy rate in L2: 25%–50%. Grammar. NT: 1976.
Writing system	Latin script.
Comments	In 1959 the population was about 100, with few children, high infant mortality, low will to live; by 1977 it was 237. Through modern medicine, intermarrying with the Waiwai, self-confidence through literature in Hixkaryana, 5 Hixkaryana teachers running a school for children ages 5 to 14, and government help in setting up a Brazil nut industry, they continue to grow. OVS.

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

BENDOR-SAMUEL, John T., author. 1968. Review of: Textos hixkaryâna, by Desmond C. Derbyshire.

CAHILL, Michael, author. 2000. From endangered to less endangered: case studies from Brazil and Papua New Guinea.

CAHILL, Michael, author. 2004. From endangered to less endangered: case histories from Brazil and Papua New Guinea.  

CAHILL, Michael, author. 2005. Review of: Spoken here: travels among threatened languages, by Mark Abley.

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1961. "Hishkaryana (Carib) syntax structure I: Word."

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1961. "Hishkaryana (Carib) syntax structure: II phrase, sentence."

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1965. Textos hixkaryâna.

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1976. Translation problems arising from the speaker’s attitude or relationship to the events he narrates.

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1977. "Discourse redundancy in Hixkaryana."

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1977. "Word order universals and the existence of OVS languages."

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1978. Another kind of ‘hearsay particle’—in Hixkaryana (Brazil).

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1979. A diachronic explanation for the origin of OVS in some Carib languages.

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1979. Hixkaryana syntax.

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1979. Hixkaryana.

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1985. Hixkaryana and Linguistic Typology.  

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1986. "Topic continuity and OVS order in Hixkaryana."

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 1994. "Clause subordination and nominalization in Tupí-Guaranian and Cariban languages."

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 2008. "Syntactic typology."

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C., author. 2008. "Word order universals and the existence of OVS languages."

DERBYSHIRE, Desmond C.; PULLUM, Geoffrey K., authors. 1979. Object-initial languages.

DOOLEY, Robert A., author. 1988. Pragmatics and grammar: Motivation and control.

GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C., author. 1973. "Sistemas contrastivos de marcadores de pessoa em duas línguas carib: Apalaí e hixkaryána."  

HAGBERG, Lawrence R., author. 2006. An autosegmental theory of stress.