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Ethnologue > Web version > Country index > Asia > Pakistan > Hindko, Northern

Hindko, Northern

A language of Pakistan

ISO 639-3: hno

Population	1,880,000 (1981 census). Total Hindko in Pakistan 3,000,000 (1993).
Region	Hazara Division, Mansehra and Abbotabad districts, Indus and Kaghan valleys and valleys of Indus tributaries, NWFP.
Language maps	Northern Pakistan, reference number 19 Southern Pakistan
Alternate names	Hazara Hindko, Hindki, Kagani, Kaghani
Dialects	Also related to Panjabi [pnb], Seraiki [skr], and Pahari-Potwari [phr]; which have all been called ‘Greater Panjabi’, forming part of ‘Lahnda’. Lexical similarities within Northern Hindko dialects are 82%–92%, between Northern and Southern Hindko [hnd] varieties 67%–82%.
Classification	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Lahnda A member of macrolanguage Lahnda [lah] (Pakistan).
Language use	Also use Urdu [urd], Pashto, or Western Panjabi [pnb].
Language development	Literacy rate in L2: Below 20%. Poetry. Radio programs. TV. NT: 1991.
Writing system	Arabic script.
Comments	Muslim (Sunni).

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

HALLBERG, Calinda E.; O'LEARY, Clare F.; RENSCH, Calvin R., authors. 1992. Hindko and Gujari.  

MARSHALL, David L., author. 1990. A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Hindko.

RADLOFF, Carla F., author. 1991. "Avenues of acquisition of Urdu proficiency for Hindko-speaking women of Hazara division (Pakistan)."

RENSCH, Calvin R., author. 1992. "The language environment of Hindko-speaking people."

Vernacular Publications

Hindko, Urdu, Angrezi bolchal. 2007.

Mitiale bhalu. 2007.