Hruso
A language of India
| Population | 4,000 (Breton 1997). |
| Region | Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng District, Thrizino circle, Jamiri, Husigaon, Gohainthan, Buragaon, Karangonia, Raindogonia, Yayom, Gijiri, Dijungonia, Tulu, Polatari, Raghupam, Tania, Khuppi, Bhalukpong, Balipho, Palizi villages; East Kameng District, Seppa circle, Pisang village. |
| Alternate names | Aka, Hrusso, Angka, Angkae, Tenae, Gusso |
| Dialects | Hruso, Levai (Bangru). No apparent wider affiliation within Tibeto-Burman. Varieties sometimes grouped under Tibeto-Burman as ‘Hruish’. Levai is similar to Miju-Mishmi [mxj] and may be a separate language. Lexical similarity: 9% between the speech of a group called Koro and the Hruso dialect [hru]. Both are highly dissimilar to neighboring languages. |
| Classification | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Unclassified |
| Language use | Steady language shift away from Hruso, especially among youth when educated outside the area. Many also speak Miji (alt Miju-Mishmi [mxj]), Assamese [asm], Hindi, or English. |
| Language development | Literacy rate in L2: 48%: males 58%, females 39%. |
| Writing system | Latin script. |
| Comments | Aka means ‘painted’. Has 2 ethnic groups (Kavatsun and Kutsun) and an additional Subdivision called Miri-Akas on the other side of Kaya River (known as Khrome). They speak Miri, not Hruso. Probably not the same as plains Miri or Hill Miri (Sinha 1962). A 2005 survey identified a group of Aka in East Kameng District called Koro Aka, distinct from Hruso Aka in West Kameng. Unknown if they are the same as the Khrome. Swidden agriculturalists. Traditional religion, some Christian. |
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