Tol
A language of Honduras
| Population | 350 (1997). Ethnic population: 593 (1990 Educación Comunitaria para la Salud-Honduras). Also 19,000 ethnic Tolpan in the Department of Yoro. |
| Region | Montaña de la Flor, northern Francisco Morazán Department, north central Honduras, some in Yoro. |
| Language map |
El Salvador and Honduras |
| Alternate names | Jicaque, Tolpan, Xicaque |
| Dialects | No distinct dialects. It may be distantly related to Subtiaba [sut] of Nicaragua (no remaining speakers), Me’phaa Tlapanec of Mexico [tcf], or the Hokan languages. |
| Classification | Language isolate |
| Language use | All ages. Most also use some Spanish. |
| Language development | Literacy rate in L1: 5%–10%. Literacy rate in L2: 5%–15%. NT: 1993. |
| Writing system | Latin script. |
| Comments | SOV. Christian, traditional religion. |
Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:
Academic Publications
ARNOLD, Dean E.; NEUENSWANDER, Helen L., editors. 1977. Cognitive studies of southern Mesoamerica.
ARNOLD, Dean E.; NEUENSWANDER, Helen L., editors. 1977. Estudios cognitivos del sur de Mesoamérica.
CAMPBELL, Lyle; OLTROGGE, David F., authors. 1980. "Proto-Tol (Jicaque)."
DENNIS, Margaret; DENNIS, Ronald K.; FLEMING, Ilah, authors. 1975. "El alfabeto tol (jicaque)."
DENNIS, Ronald K., author. 1992. La conjugación del verbo en idioma tol (jicaque).
DENNIS, Ronald K.; FLEMING, Ilah, authors. 1975. "Tol (jicaque): Los sustantivos."
DENNIS, Ronald K.; FLEMING, Ilah, authors. 1977. "Tol (Jicaque) phonology."
OLTROGGE, David F., author. 1977. "Proto Jicaque-Subtiaba-Tequistlateco: a comparative reconstruction."
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OLTROGGE, David F.; OLTROGGE, Judith J., authors. 1971. "Jicaque."
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OLTROGGE, David F.; OLTROGGE, Judith J., authors. 1972. "Jicaque."
OLTROGGE, David F.; RENSCH, Calvin R., authors. 1977. Two studies in Middle American comparative linguistics.
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OLTROGGE, Judith J., author. 1967. "Aculturación de los indios hicaques de la Montaña de la Flor."
SHAW, Mary, editor. 1971. According to our ancestors: Folk texts from Guatemala and Honduras.
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SHAW, Mary, editor. 1972. Según nuestros antepasados: Textos folklóricos de Guatemala y Honduras.
Vernacular Publications
Nin müʼüsüs ca sin pacj. 1980.
Primera cartilla en jicaque. 1969.

