| Population |
1,000 (1994). Most monolingual. Ethnic population: 18,021 (1990 census). |
| Region |
South Yunnan, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, near Laos and Myanmar borders, east of Jinghong. Youle Mountains. 40 villages. |
| Language map |
Southwestern China, reference number 5
|
| Alternate names |
Buyuan, Jino |
| Dialects |
Buyuan and Youle dialects not mutually inherently intelligible. Chinese used for communication. |
| Classification |
Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Burmic, Ngwi, Central |
| Language use |
Vigorous. All domains. All ages. Some also use Lu [khb] or Mandarin Chinese [cmn]. |
| Language development |
Literacy rate in L2: 83%. |
| Writing system |
Latin script. |
| Comments |
Classified as Jinuo nationality. SOV; initial consonant clusters (stop or nasal plus ‘r’); no syllable-final consonants; mostly monosyllabic words; tonal, 6 tones. Agriculturalists: rice; hunter-gatherers traditionally. Worship of Kong Ming (a Chinese hero). |