16th edition

US$ 100.00

Ethnologue > Web version > Country index > Asia > Nepal > Khaling

Khaling

A language of Nepal

ISO 639-3: klr

Population	18,000 in Nepal (2002 UNESCO), increasing.
Region	Sagarmatha zone, Solu Khumbu, Khotang districts; Koshi zone, Bhojpur, Sankhuwasawa, Terhathum districts; Mechi zone, Panchtar and Ilam districts. Also in India.
Language map	Eastern Nepal, reference number 49
Alternate names	Kaling, Khael Baat, Khael Bra, Khalinge Rai
Dialects	Most similar to Dumi [dus], Koi [kkt].
Classification	Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Mahakiranti, Kiranti, Western
Language use	Vigorous. Home, religion. All ages. Most also use Nepali [nep]. Older women are less bilingual and many have only minimal comprehension of Nepali.
Language development	Literacy rate in L1: 20%. Literacy rate in L2: 20% Nepali. Dictionary. NT: 1994.
Writing system	Devanagari script.
Comments	SOV; postpositions; articles, adjectives, numerals, relatives before noun heads; question word initial; maximum number of prefixes 1; word order distinguishes subject, object, indirect object; affixes indicate case of noun phrase; verb affixes mark person and number of subject—obligatory; ergative; causatives; comparatives; C, V, CCCV; tonal. Peasant agriculturalists: adapted marginally to market system. Traditional religion.

Also spoken in:

India

Language name	Khaling
Population	Ethnic population: 294,000 Katkari [kfu], most speak Marathi [mar].
Region	Darjeeling and Sikkim area, scattered.
Alternate names	Khael Baat, Khael Bra, Khalinge Rai
Language use	Also use Nepali [nep].

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

CAUGHLEY, Ross C., author. 1996. Review of: The structure of Kiranti languages: comparative grammar and texts, by Karen Ebert.

GLOVER, Warren W.; YADAVA, Yogendra P., editors. 1999. Topics in Nepalese linguistics.

HALE, Austin, editor. 1973. Collected papers on Khaling, Kulunge, Darai, Newari, Chitwan Tharu.

KHALING, Chandra; KHALING, Santaman; TOBA, Sueyoshi, authors. 1974. A Nepali-Khaling, Khaling-Nepali glossary.

TOBA, Ingrid, author. 1973. "The Khaling verb."

TOBA, Ingrid, author. 1977. "Folk art and culture change as observed in a Khaling village."

TOBA, Ingrid; TOBA, Sueyoshi, authors. 1972. Khaling phonemic summary.

TOBA, Ingrid; TOBA, Sueyoshi, authors. 1972. A vocabulary of the Khaling language.

TOBA, Ingrid; TOBA, Sueyoshi, authors. 1975. A Khaling-English, English-Khaling glossary.

TOBA, Sueyoshi, author. 1975. "Plant names in Khaling: a study in ethnobotany and village economy."

TOBA, Sueyoshi, author. 1978. "Participant focus in Khaling narratives."  

TOBA, Sueyoshi, author. 1979. Khaling.

TOBA, Sueyoshi, author. 1981. Khaling texts.

TOBA, Sueyoshi, author. 1983. A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Northern Rai.

TOBA, Sueyoshi, author. 1988. "The pronominal affix system in Khaling."

TOBA, Sueyoshi, author. 1992. Rites of passage: an aspect of Rai culture.

TOBA, Sueyoshi, author. 1998. "World view in the creation story and other myths of the Khaling."

TOBA, Sueyoshi, author. n.d.. The pronominal affix system in Khaling.