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Ethnologue > Web version > Country index > Asia > Laos > Mal

Mal

A language of Laos

ISO 639-3: mlf

Population	23,200 in Laos (1995 census). Population total all countries: 26,700.
Region	Xaignabouli Province, Phiang District, west of Mekong River. Also in Thailand, United States.
Language map	Laos, reference number 36
Alternate names	Htin, Khatin, T’in, Thin, Tin
Dialects	Not intelligible with Lua [prb], Prai [prt], or Pray 3 [pry].
Classification	Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, Mal-Khmu’, Mal-Phrai
Language development	NT: 1994.
Writing system	Latin script. Thai script.
Comments	‘Mal’ and ‘Madl’ are self names. ‘T’in’ is an ethnic name used in Thailand. Traditional religion.

Also spoken in:

Thailand

Language name	Mal
Population	3,500 in Thailand (1982 SIL).
Region	Nan Province, east of Pua District and Chiang Kam, valley near northern Laos border.
Language map	Northern Thailand, reference number 22
Alternate names	Ht’in, Khatin, T’in, Thin, Tin
Language development	Literacy rate in L1: Below 1% literate. Literacy rate in L2: 1%–15%.
Comments	‘Mal’ and ‘Madl’ are self names. ‘T’in’ is an ethnic name used in Thailand.

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

CHOMMANAD Intajamornrak; THERAPHAN L.-Thongkum, authors. 2009. "Tonal evolution induced by language contact: a case study of the T'in (Lua') language of Nan province, northern Thailand."  

FILBECK, David, author. 1996. "Couplets and duplications in Mal."  

FILBECK, David, author. 1997. "The Protasis-Apodosis construction in Mal."  

RATANAKUL, Suriya; SUJARITLAK, Deepadung, authors. 1997. "Final particles in conversational Mal (Thin)."