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Tohono O’odham

A language of United States

ISO 639-3: ood

Population	9,600 in United States (2000 census), decreasing. 181 monolinguals (1990 census). Ethnic population: 20,000 (1977 SIL).
Region	South central Arizona. 60 villages on 7 reservations. Also in Mexico.
Language map	Southwestern United States of America
Alternate names	Nebome, Nevome, O’odham, O’othham, Papago-Pima, Upper Piman
Dialects	Tohono O’odam (“Papago” ), Akimel O’odham (Pima).
Classification	Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Sonoran, Tepiman
Language use	Vigorous in the west and south. Mainly adults.
Language development	From primary school on, schools on the Tohono O’Odham Nation teach the language. Grammar. NT: 1975.
Writing system	Latin script.
Comments	Different from Pima Bajo [pia] of Mexico.

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

CASAD, Eugene H., author. 2004. "Imagery through the ages."

GRIMES, Joseph E., author. 1953. Review of: The language of the Papago, by J. Alden Mason.

LANGACKER, Ronald W., editor. 1982. Uto-Aztecan grammatical sketches: Studies in Uto-Aztecan grammar 3.  

PAYNE, Doris L., author. 1987. "Information structuring in Papago narrative discourse."

PAYNE, Doris L., author. 1992. "Nonidentifiable information and pragmatic order rules in ʼOʼodham."

PAYNE, Doris L., author. 1994. "Menciones no-referenciales en o’odham."

SAXTON, Dean, author. 1963. "Papago phonemes."

SAXTON, Dean, author. 1982. "Papago."  

SAXTON, Dean; SAXTON, Lucille, compilers. 1969. Dictionary: Papago & Pima to English (Oʼodham—Mil-gahn); English to Papago & Pima (Mil-gahn—Oʼodham).

SAXTON, Dean; SAXTON, Lucille, compilers. 1973. Oʼotham hohoʼok aʼagitha: Legends and lore of the Papago and Pima Indians.

Vernacular Publications

Hymns of the Papagos and Pimas. 1972.

Julio Ch Pancho = Papago reader 1. 1966.

Our book = T-oʼohana = Nuestro libro. 1969.

Vocabulary to accompany Our book = T-oʼohana = Nuestro libro. 1969.

You can read and write Oʼothham (Papago-Pima). n.d.