16th edition

US$ 100.00

Ethnologue > Web version > Country index > Asia > India > Panjabi, Eastern

Panjabi, Eastern

A language of India

ISO 639-3: pan

Population	27,100,000 in India. 26,975,000 Panjabi, 134,000 Bhatneri (1991). Population total all countries: 28,163,600.
Region	Punjab, Majhi in Gurdaspur and Amritsar districts, South Firozpur District, Bhatyiana; Rajasthan, north Ganganagar District, Bhatyiana; Haryana; Delhi; Jammu and Kashmir. Also in Bangladesh, Canada, Fiji, Kenya, Libya, Malaysia (Peninsular), Mauritius, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States.
Alternate names	Gurmukhi, Gurumukhi, Punjabi
Dialects	Panjabi Proper, Majhi, Doab, Bhatyiana (Bhatneri, Bhatti), Powadhi, Malwa, Bathi. Western Panjabi [pnb] is distinct from Eastern Panjabi, although there is a chain of dialects to Western Hindi (Urdu) [urd]. Bhatyiana dialect considered a mixture of Panjabi and Marwari [mve].
Classification	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Panjabi
Language use	Official language.
Language development	Radio programs. Grammar. Bible: 1959–2002.
Writing system	Devanagari script. Gurmukhi script.
Comments	Associated with Sikhs. Different from Majhi [mjz] in India and Nepal. Sikh, Muslim (Bhatneri). Sikh, Muslim (Bhatneri).

Also spoken in:

Kenya

Language name	Panjabi, Eastern
Population	10,000 in Kenya (1995 SIL), increasing.
Region	Nairobi.
Alternate names	Gurmukhi, Gurumukhi, Punjabi
Dialects	Panjabi Proper.
Language use	Closed community. GIDS 5. Home, social gatherings. All ages. Positive attitude. Also use Kiswahili [swh] or English for business.
Comments	Most came to Kenya with the building of the railroad at the turn of the 20th century. Sikh, Hindu, Muslim.

Singapore

Language name	Panjabi, Eastern
Population	9,500 in Singapore (1987). Ethnic population: 14,000 (1993).
Comments	Sikh.

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

GRAINGER, Peter J., author. 1980. "A palatography experiment to show the contrast between dental and post-alveolar stops in Punjabi."

MASON, Ruth, author. 1994. "The development of narrative skills and the evaluative use of modal verbs in the narratives of young non-native speakers of English."

MASON, Ruth, author. 2009. The use of evaluative devices in the narrative discourses of young second-language learners.