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Uma

A language of Indonesia (Sulawesi)

ISO 639-3: ppk

Population	20,000 (1990 SIL), increasing. 15,000 in the region, 5,000 outside (1990 SIL), 500 in Benggaulu.
Region	Central Sulawesi, Donggala District, South Kulawi and Pipikoro subdistricts, Pipikoro, ‘banks of the Koro’ and Lariang ‘Koro’ rivers. 32 villages. Bana in South Sulawesi, Luwu Utara District, enclave within the Seko Padang [skx] dialect area; Benggaulu in South Sulawesi, south Pasangkayu District, Mamuju subdistrict; some migrated to Gimpu and Palolo valleys, Palu and Pani’i, north of Palu.
Language map	Indonesia, Sulawesi, reference number 109
Alternate names	Pipikoro, Koro, Oema
Dialects	Winatu (Northern Uma), Tobaku (Western Uma, Dompa, Ompa), Tolee’ (Eastern Uma), Kantewu (Central Uma), Southern Uma (Aria), Benggaulu (Bingkolu), Bana. Literature exists in Kantewu dialect, but many would prefer to read their own dialect.
Classification	Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Celebic, Kaili-Pamona, Southern
Language use	Use vigorous in the Uma homeland. Kantewu is prestige dialect. Among those living outside (e.g., in Palu, Palolo, Gimpu), use is vigorous among adults. For those who move away as adults, Uma remains language of the home. For those who move away as children, half retain Uma as home language. Daily work, local administration, religious services. All ages. Positive attitude. Also use Indonesian [ind] Kaili, Seko Padang [skx], or Rampi [lje] (2000 SIL).
Language development	Taught in primary schools. Grammar. NT: 1996.
Writing system	Latin script.
Comments	Swidden agriculturalists; coffee as cash crop. Christian, Muslim.

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

GREGERSON, Kenneth J.; MARTENS, Martha A., authors. 1986. "Perfective mi in Uma discourse."

LAUA, Johan; MARTENS, Martha A.; MARTENS, Michael P., authors. 2001. Ceritera rakyat dan kebudayaan topoʼuma (Ceritera dalam bahasa Uma).

MARTENS, Martha A., author. 1987. "Conversational clitics in Uma."

MARTENS, Martha A., author. 1993. "Uncovering the widow among the Uma."

MARTENS, Martha A.; MARTENS, Michael P., authors. 1983. The inelegant glottal: a problem in Uma phonology.

MARTENS, Martha A.; MARTENS, Michael P., authors. 1988. "Some notes on the inelegant glottal: a problem in Uma phonology."

MARTENS, Martha A.; MARTENS, Michael P., authors. 1990. "Uma [language text]."

MARTENS, Michael P., author. 1985. "Pronomina persona bahasa uma: Sistem fokus atau sistem ergatif."

MARTENS, Michael P., author. 1987. "Dialek bahasa Uma."

MARTENS, Michael P., author. 1987. "The poor fellow and the assertive fellow: a study of two conjugated clitics in Uma."

MARTENS, Michael P., author. 1988. "Focus and discourse in Uma."

MARTENS, Michael P., author. 1988. "Focus or ergativity? Pronoun sets in Uma."

MARTENS, Michael P., author. 1988. "How big is your rice? Units of measurement among the Uma people."

MARTENS, Michael P., author. 1988. "Notes on Uma verbs."

MARTENS, Michael P., author. 1988. "Phonology of Uma."

MARTENS, Michael P.; RIGO, Herman, authors. 1995. "Uma: introduction and wordlist."

MEAD, David, author. 2002. "Proto Celebic focus revisited."

Vernacular Publications

Jarita paiʼ lolita totuʼa to Pipikoro. 1984.

Lolita eo-eo na hi rala basa Uma. 1989.