Ethnologue.com home

Ethnologue: Languages of the World
16th edition

Ethnologue: Languages of the World
US$ 100.00
Add to cart

Preview print edition


Most Recent
SIL Publications


Reduced Price SIL Publications

Ethnologue > Web version > Country index > Americas > Mexico > Triqui, Copala

Triqui, Copala

A language of Mexico

ISO 639-3trc

Population  25,000 in Mexico (2007 SIL). Population total all countries: 30,000.
Region  Oaxaca, Juxtlahuaca, San Juan Copala. Over 1,000 speakers: Sonora, including Miguel Alemán (both settled and seasonal); Baja California, San Quintín valley (mostly settled); Coastal California, including Greenfield; Mexico City. Smaller colonies in most tourist centers of Mexico. Also in United States.
Language map  Southern Central Mexico, reference number 224
Alternate names   Copala Trique, Triqui Bajo, Triqui de San Juan Copala
Dialects  56% intelligibility with Chicahuaxtla [trs].
Classification  Oto-Manguean, Mixtecan, Trique
Language development  Literacy rate in L1: 1%. Literacy rate in L2: 40%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1987.
Writing system  Latin script.
Comments  Considerable internal linguistic variation, though not well-defined subdialects. VSO; short words, affixes, clitics; tonal. Swidden agriculturalists (in the traditional home area); commercial farm laborers, craft vendors (in the dispersed areas).

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

Bradley, C. Henry and Barbara E. Hollenbach, editors. 1992. Studies in the syntax of Mixtecan languages 4.  Available online

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1969. "A note on concepts of political geography."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1972. "The importance of naturalness in literacy materials."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1973. "La acculturación lingüística entre los triques de Copala, Oaxaca."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1973. "La mayordomía comerciante de los triques."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1974. "Reduplication and anomalous rule ordering in Copala Trique."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1975. "On hard to teach phonological units."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1976. "Tense-negation interplay in Copala Trique."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1977. "El origen del sol y de la luna."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1977. "Phonetic vs. phonemic correspondence in two Trique dialects."  Available online

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1977. "Reversals of Copala Trique temporal metaphors through language contact."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1978. "Choosing a tone orthography for Copala Trique."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1980. "A note on Copala Trique insect-bird homonyms."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1980. "Los nombres personales entre los triques de Copala."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1982. "A Copala Trique deluge story."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1983. "Apposition and X-bar rules."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1984. "Copala Trique tone and universal tone features."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1984. "Reflexives and reciprocals in Copala Trique."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1984. The phonology and morphology of tone and laryngeals in Copala Trique.

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1985. "Vowel length in Copala Trique: An abstract laryngeal analysis."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1985-86. "Trique words about the sacred."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1987. "La duración vocálica en el Trique de Copala: Un análisis abstracto."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1988. "The asymetrical distribution of tone in Copala Trique."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1990. "Semantic and syntactic extensions of Copala Trique body-part nouns."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1990. "Testing the Copala Trique transition primer."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1992. "A syntactic sketch of copala trique."  Available online

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1992. "Parsing relative clauses in Copala Trique."  Available online

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1997. "Covert transitive-intransitive verb pairs in Copala Trique."

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1999. A cultural sketch of the Copala Trique.  Available online

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 2007. "Tone languages and language (un)awareness."  Available online

Hollenbach, Barbara E., compiler. 1988. Three Trique myths of San Juan Copala.

Hollenbach, Bruce E. 1975. "Discourse structure, interpropositional relations, and translation."

Hollenbach, Bruce E. and Barbara E. Hollenbach, compilers. 1975. Trique: San Juan Copala, Oaxaca.

Hollenbach, Elena E. 1979. "Topónimos triques: huellas de la prehistoria."  Available online

Hollenbach, Elena E. de. 1980. "El mundo animal en el folklore de los triques de Copala."  Available online

Hollenbach, Elena Erickson de. 2005. Gramática popular del triqui de Copala.  Available online

Hollenbach, Elena Erickson de. 2008. Gramática popular del triqui de copala.

Merrifield, William R., editor. 1977. Studies in Otomanguean phonology.  Available online

Vernacular Publications

Me xcuu me xo' ga̱. 2006.  Available online

Nano̱' so̱' luu á (Busca al gato). 2004.  Available online

Pequeño diccionario ilustrado en el triqui de Copala. 2004.  Available online