Tsum
A language of Nepal
| Population | 4,790 (2000). |
| Region | Gandaki zone, north Gorkha District, Tsum area, the region drained by the Shiar Khola north of Ganesh Himal. Chekampar (Chokong) is prestige village. |
| Language map |
Western Nepal, reference number 108 |
| Alternate names | Tsumge |
| Dialects | 71%–78% intelligibility of Nubri [kte], 66% with Kyerung [kgy]; 60%–66% with Lhasa Tibetan [bod]; 22%–25% with Northern Ghale [ghh], 22% with Southern Ghale, 23%–27% with Kutang Ghale, 14% with Southern Ghale [ghe]; 6% with Eastern Gorkha Tamang [tge], 14% with Western Gurung [gvr], 15% with Banspur Tamang. Divided into upper region, ‘Yarba’, and lower region, ‘Ushug’. |
| Classification | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tibetan, Central |
| Language use | Vigorous. Most domains. Highly positive attitude. Minimal bilingualism in Nepali [nep], used only with those who do not understand Tsum. Tibetan viewed very favorably in the religious domain; Nepali viewed fairly positively as language of education and potential advancement. |
| Language development | Literacy rate in L2: 10% or less. A few primary schools. |
| Comments | Tibetans in Kathmandu call the people ‘Tsumba’ and the language ‘Tsumge’. Agriculturalists; traders. Buddhist (Lamaist). |
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