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Tucano

A language of Brazil

ISO 639-3: tuo

Population	2,630 in Brazil (1986 SIL). 46 Wasona speakers, 16 of them intermarried with other groups (González de Pérez 2000). Population total all countries: 4,630.
Region	Amazonas. Wasonas primarily in Yacayacá village. Also in Colombia.
Language map	Brazil, reference number 14
Alternate names	Daxsea, Takuna, Tukána
Dialects	Yohoraa (Curaua), Wasona (Uasona), Pisamira, Papiwa, Papihua, “Pisatapuyo” , “Pisa-tapuyo” .
Classification	Tucanoan, Eastern Tucanoan, Northern
Language use	Trade language. Used as L2 by many neighboring groups.
Language development	Grammar. NT: 1988.
Writing system	Latin script.
Comments	SOV.

Also spoken in:

Colombia

Language name	Tucano
Population	2,000 in Colombia. Ethnic population: 6,996.
Region	Upper Papurí River and tributaries.
Language map	Southern Colombia, reference number 11
Alternate names	Betaya, Betoya, Dachsea, Dasea, Daxsea, Tukana, Tukano
Language use	Trade language. Tucano is L2 of many neighboring groups, especially south and east of Mitú. All use at least one other Tucanoan language or Spanish.
Language development	Literacy rate in L1: 30%–40%. Literacy rate in L2: 30%–40%.
Comments	6 regional dialects. Swidden agriculturalists.

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:

Academic Publications

Barnes, Janet, compiler. 1993. Cuando no habia agua y otros leyendas indígenas.  

Barnes, Janet. 1992. "Verbos de movimiento en Proto Tucano."

Barnes, Janet. 1999. "Tucano."

Gawthorne, Linda A., editor. 1976. Estudios tucanos 4.  

Goehner, Marie, Birdie West, and William R. Merrifield. 1985. "Tucano (Tucanoan) kinship terminology."

Grimes, Joseph E., editor. 1986. Sentence initial devices.  

Heinze, Carol, editor. 1977. Estudios tucanos 2.

Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1991. Review of: Sentence initial devices, by Joseph E. Grimes, editor.

Levinsohn, Stephen H., editor. 1992. Estudios comparativos: Proto tucano.

Longacre, Robert E. and Frances M. Woods, editors. 1977. Discourse grammar: Studies in indigenous languages of Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador, 2.  

Mountain, Kathy. 1978. "Lista de palabras Swadesh y Rowe."  

Restrepo, Joaquín, Betty Welch, and Birdie West. 1976. "Texto tucano: La gente estrella."  

Schauer, Stanley and others. 1973. Aspectos de la cultura material de grupos étnicos de Colombia 1.  

Stolte, Joel A. 1980. "La nasalización en las lenguas tucanas orientales."  

Waterhouse, Viola G., editor. 1967. Phonemic systems of Colombian languages.  

Waterhouse, Viola G., editor. 1972. Sistemas fonológicos de idiomas colombianos 1.  

Welch, Betty and Birdie West. 1976. "Ñocoa masa (Gente estrella: Texto del tucano)."  

Welch, Betty and Birdie West. 2000. "El tucano."

Welch, Betty. 1977. "Tucano discourse, paragraph, and information distribution."  

Welch, Betty. 1979. "El discurso, el párrafo y la distribución de la información en tucano."  

West, Birdie and Betty Welch. 1967. "Phonemic system of Tucano."  

West, Birdie and Betty Welch. 1972. "Sistema fonológico del tucano."  

West, Birdie and Betty Welch. 1973. "Tucano."  

West, Birdie and Betty Welch. 2004. Gramática pedagógica del Tucano.  

West, Birdie. 1977. "Resultados de un cuestionario de sintaxis tucano."

West, Birdie. 1977. "Results of a Tucanoan syntax questionnaire pilot study."  

West, Birdie. 1980. Gramática popular del tucano.

West, Birdie. 1985. "La partícula adversativa en el discurso tucano."

West, Birdie. 1986. "The adversative particle in Tucano discourse."  

Wheeler, Alva. 1992. "Comparaciones lingüísticas en el grupo Tucano occidental."

Wheeler, Margaret. 1992. "Sufijos nominales en el Proto Tucano Occidental."

Vernacular Publications

Bapari yeese cjãse. 1989.

Dasea ye buʼeri pũri. 1974.

Dasea ye ne buʼenʉʼcãrĩ pũrĩ. 1980.

Marĩ papera na ojaʼquere buʼerã maʼma quetire masĩnoʼsaʼa. 1992.

Mari weese. 1975.

Teʼa wesepʉ waʼarã. 1974.

Waʼi. 1975.