Table of Contents

Dedication
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
Bafuliiru Foreward
A Brief Background to Writing Grammars in Africa by Derek Nurse
Abbreviations
Maps

1 Conventions

• 1.1 Language name and classification
• 1.2 Dialects
• 1.3 Previous language work; contributors to the present work
• 1.4 Conventions

2 Phonology

• 2.1 Phoneme inventory
• 2.1.1 Consonants
• 2.1.2 Vowels
• 2.2 Phonetic realization and distribution of phonemes
• 2.2.1 Consonants
• 2.2.2 Vowels
• 2.3 Phonological rules and processes
• 2.3.1 Phonologically governed rules and processes
• 2.3.2 Morphologically governed rules and processes
• 2.4 Syllable structure, word structure, and syllable prominence
• 2.4.1 Cliticization of monosyllabic words
• 2.4.2 Elimination of monosyllabic words by addition of morphemes
• 2.4.3 Syllable structure inventory for noun stems
• 2.4.4 Syllable structure inventory for verb bases

3 Tone

• 3.1 Assumptions from autosegmental theory
• 3.2 The tone-bearing unit: mora or syllable?
• 3.3 Tone inventory
• 3.3.1 Underlying tones
• 3.3.2 Surface realizations of tones
• 3.3.3 Kifuliiru tone reversal vis-à-vis Proto-Bantu
• 3.4 Functional load of tone
3.4.1 Lexical tone contrasts
• 3.4.2 Grammatical tone contrasts
• 3.5 Tone on verbs
• 3.5.1 Lexical tone in verbs
• 3.5.2 Assignment of grammatical tone in verbs
• 3.5.3 Stem-tone patterns in Kifuliiru verbs
• 3.5.4 Tone assignment in verbs with adverbial auxiliaries
• 3.5.5 Tone assignment in monosyllabic verb stems
• 3.5.6 Tone in reduplicated verbs
• 3.5.7 Overview of verb forms by stem-tone pattern
• 3.6 Extratonality of the final syllable in nouns and verbs
• 3.7 General characteristics of tone association in Kifuliiru
• 3.7.1 Edge-in linking and double-linking of the penultimate
• 3.7.2 Syllable, with modifications, as TBU
• 3.7.3 Constraint against triple-linking to a single syllable
• 3.8 General rules affecting tone at the word level
• 3.8.1 Tone-spread rule
• 3.8.2 Contour simplification rules
• 3.8.3 Meeussen’s rule
• 3.8.4 T-drop
• 3.8.5 Lexical level H float
• 3.9 Lexical tone of verbal affixes
• 3.9.1 Lexical tone of verbal prefixes
• 3.9.2 Lexical tone of verbal suffixes
• 3.10 Tone on nouns
• 3.10.1 Lexical tone in noun affixes
• 3.10.2 Lexical tone in noun roots
• 3.11 Tone on other parts of speech
• 3.11.1 Tone on adjectives
• 3.11.2 Tone on demonstratives
• 3.11.3 Tone on associative markers
• 3.11.4 Tone on numerals
• 3.12 General rules affecting the tones of words on the phraseand clause level
• 3.12.1 Postlexical H-spread
• 3.12.2 Postlexical leftward H-shift
• 3.12.3 Postlexical tonal changes due to coalescence of vowels
• 3.12.4 Intonational raising indicating a non-final pause
• 3.12.5 Final H contouring
• 3.13 Downdrift
• 3.14 Floating L tones and (non-automatic) downstep

4 Derivational processes

• 4.1 Noun derivations
• 4.1.1 Nouns derived from verbs (deverbal nouns)
• 4.1.2 Nouns derived from adjectives
• 4.1.3 Nouns derived from other nouns by prefix change
• 4.1.4 Nouns derived from another noun by the addition of a formative
• 4.1.5 Compound nouns derived from two words
• 4.1.6 Nouns derived from ideophones
• 4.2 Verb derivations
• 4.2.1 Verbs derived from nouns
• 4.2.2 Verbs derived from ideophones
• 4.2.3 Verbs derived from adjectives
• 4.2.4 Verbs derived from related verbs by way of extensions
• 4.2.5 Verbal auxiliaries derived from verbs
• 4.3 Adjectives derived from verbs
• 4.3.1 The closed set
• 4.3.2 Productive derivations of stative verbal adjectives
• 4.4 Adverbs derived from verbs

5 Verb stems

• 5.1 Extensions: General considerations
• 5.2 Degrees of productivity in extensions
• 5.2.1 Productive extensions
• 5.2.2 Non-productive extensions
• 5.2.3 Lexicalized extensions
• 5.3 Relative order of extensions
• 5.4 Extensions and their relationship to valence
• 5.5 Productive extensions
• 5.5.1 Causative
• 5.5.2 Passive
• 5.5.3 Applicative
• 5.5.4 Reciprocal
• 5.5.5 Reversive (transitive)
• 5.5.6 Reversive (intransitive)
• 5.5.7 Intensive
• 5.5.8 Emphatic
• 5.6 Non-productive extensions and expansions
• 5.6.1 Contactive
• 5.6.2 Extensive
• 5.6.3 Neuter
• 5.6.4 Impositive
• 5.6.5 Positional
• 5.6.6 Inchoative
• 5.7 Other suffixes (expansions)
• 5.8 Various extension combinations
• 5.9 The resultative final: Structural considerations
• 5.9.1 Interactions of the resultative with the verb stem.
• 5.9.2 Irregular resultatives
• 5.9.3 Resultatives of causatives
• 5.9.4 Resultatives of passives

Appendix: Determining word boundaries and related orthography issues

• 1 The relevant units: words, affixes, and clitics
• 1.1 Words
• 1.2 Affixes
• 1.3 Clitics
• 2 Phonological indicators of word boundaries
• 2.1 Compensatory vowel lengthening
• 2.2 Clitic-related vowel lengthening
• 2.3 Mora-based vowel shortening
• 2.4 Lexical and post lexical level vowel coalescence
• 2.5 Tonal contours
• 3 Grammatical indicators of word boundaries in verbs
• 3.1 Multiple subject prefixes
• 3.2 Infinitive following auxiliary
• 3.3 Subjunctive forms with no subjunctive FV
• 3.4 Placement of pre-final emphatic -ag extension
• 3.5 Grammatical tone of the verb stem
• 4 Other word break issues
• 4.1 Clause-level clitics
• 4.1.1 Clitics attached to the ends of verbs
• 4.1.2 Single syllable verbs as enclitics
• 4.2 Vowel coalescence, word breaks, and orthography

References
Person index
Language index
Overall index