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Language policy

Index of SIL publications on Language policy listed by country.

See only SIL publications on Language policy available online or from our bookstore.

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General works

• Anonymous. 1991. "Language assessment criteria: Conference recommendations."
• Ansre, Gilbert. 1991. "Response to papers on decision making."
• Bendor-Samuel, John T. 1991. "SIL goals and vision for assessment: Keynote address."
• Bendor-Samuel, Margaret and David Bendor-Samuel; Robert A. Jackson, editor. 1996. A manual for strategic planning and review for language programs.
• Bergman, Ted G. 1991. "Global assessment status."
• Bergman, Ted G. 1994. "Global assessment status ILAC II."
• Bergman, Ted G., editor. 1989. Proceedings of the round table on assuring the feasibility of standardization within dialect chains, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, September 1988.  
• Bosscher, Kathleen. 1991. "The participation of local co-workers and leaders in SPAR."
• Bosscher, Kathleen. 1992. "Building the team: Local leadership."
• Egner, Inge. 2007. "Promotion des langues nationales et épanouissement humain."
• Endl, Michael. 1993. Redefining the role of Bible translators in view of an increasing involvement of the indigenous church.
• Grimes, Barbara F. 1987. "Language choice in first century Christianity."
• Hatfield, Deborah H. 1991. "Language standardization: Principles and implications."
• Hibbs, Genevieve M. 1993. Review of: Language repertoires and state construction in Africa: Cambridge studies in comparative politics, by David D. Laitin.
• Huttar, George L. 1994. "Under what conditions is a LWC effective as a means for communicating the Scriptures? or What does it take to be ‘reached’ in L2? or When is translation in L1 not required for evangelism, discipling, growth?."
• Huttar, George L. 1998. Review of: Languages of the world, no. 10, by Author unknown.
• Makoni, Sinfree and Barbara Trudell. 2006. "Complementary and conflicting discourses of linguistic diversity: implications for language planning."
• Malone, Susan. 2003. Education for multilingualism and multi-literacy in ethnic minority communities: the situation in Asia.  
• Malone, Susan. 2004. "Education for multilingualism and multi-literacy in ethnic minority communities."
• Morgan, Mary M. 1988. "A rationale for language choice in adult education."
• Peck, Charles. 1992. Review of: Talking power: the politics of language in our lives, by Robin T. Lakoff.
• Porter, Doris. 1994. "Assessing the task: How are we doing and can we do it better?."
• Prettol, Kenneth A. 1992. Toward a decision support tool for language planners: An expert system application.
• Rensch, Calvin R. 1992. "On making decisions about language projects."  
• Robbins, Frank. 1994. "On need, survey and assessment."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1993. "Where minorities are in the majority: Language dynamics amidst high linguistic diversity."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1994. "Is sauce for the goose sauce for the gander? Some comparative reflections on minority language planning in North and South."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1994. "Local languages for local literacies? Debating a central dilemma."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1995. "Colloquy: Phillipson’s ‘Linguistic imperialism: Linguistic imperialism and local languages’."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1996. "Language diversity and accountability in the South: perspectives and dilemmas."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1996. Language use in rural development: An African perspective.
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1997. "Developing or destroying languages? What does intervention do to linguistic vitality?."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1997. "Language policy from the bottom up? Reclaiming language use in Africa."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1999. "Pluralism and linguistic diversity: policy trends in Africa."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1999. "Thread, web and tapestry-making: Processes of development and language."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. and David Clark. 1998. "Ethnic diversity and social harmony."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. and Fiona Varley. 1998. "Language diversity and accountability in the South: Perspectives and dilemmas."
• Simons, Gary F. 1991. "The role of philosophy in decision making."
• Southwell, Neville. 1991. "Initial assessment of motivation as indicators for program strategies: Identifying local motivation and predicting implications for language programs."
• Walter, Stephen L. and Kay R. Ringenberg. 1994. "Language policy, literacy, and minority languages."
• Wilt, Timothy L. 1995. "Flexibility continua in language choice."

Works specific to particular countries

Africa

Cameroon

• Belinga, K., Etienne Sadembouo, and Elisabeth Gfeller, editors. 1989. Langues nationales et maîtrise du développement.
• Johnson, Ann E. 1990. Can language standardization be promoted on the local level in Cameroon?.
• Lewis, M. Paul and Barbara Trudell. 2008. "Language cultivation in contexts of multiple community languages."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1990. "The place of local-language literacy in rural development in Cameroon: Presentation of an experimental program."
• Robinson, Clinton D. W. 1991. The use of languages in rural development: The case of the Ombessa region of Cameroon.
• Trihus, Margaret S. 1992. The role of language committees in developing the indigenous languages of Cameroon.
• Trudell, Barbara. 2005. "Language choice, education and community identity."
• Wiesemann, Ursula. 1987. "Standardisation d’une langue."

Côte d’Ivoire

• Jackson, Robert A. 1988. Language planning using a marketing model.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Hein, Vern. 1991. "Recommendations for standardization within the Logo dialect cluster."
• Wenger, Robin D. 1994. The structure and function of language committees in eastern Zaire.

Ethiopia

• Boothe, Ken and Roland Walker. 1997. "Mother tongue education in Ethiopia: From policy to implementation."
• Gfeller, Elisabeth. 1999. Language equality: multilingual issues in education.
• Siebert, Ralph. 1995. "Recent developments regarding education policy and languages in the North Omo Administrative Region."
• Siebert, Ralph. 2002. "Recent developments regarding education policy and languages in the North Omo administrative region."  

Ghana

• Ring, J. Andrew. 1991. "Three case studies involving dialect standardization strategies in northern Ghana."

Mali

• Bühmann, Dörthe and Barbara Trudell. 2008. La langue maternelle, ça compte ! La langue locale, clé d'un apprentissage efficace.  
• Bühmann, Dörthe and Barbara Trudell. 2008. Mother tongue matters: local language as a key to effective learning.  

Nigeria

• McKinney, Carol V. 1990. "Which language: Trade or minority?."
• Stark, Janie P. 1990. Having it all: Evidence for language maintenance in Nigeria.

Senegal

• Trudell, Barbara. 2008. "Practice in search of a paradigm: language rights, linguistic citizenship and minority language communities in Senegal."

Americas

Bolivia

• Burns, Donald H. 1984. "Quechua/Spanish bilingual education and language policy in Bolivia (1977-1982)."

Brazil

• Wiesemann, Ursula. 1989. "Four translations or one? The case of the Kaingang in Brazil."  

Canada

• Malone, Dennis L. and Isara Choosri. 2007. "Stabilizing indigenous languages, a Symposium report."  
• Palmer, Scott. 1996. "The language of work, and the decline of North American languages."

Guatemala

• Henne, David L. 1983. "Some crucial issues in language planning."
• Henne, Marilyn G. 1991. "Orthographies, language planning and politics: Reflections of a SIL literacy muse."
• Henne, Marilyn G. 1991. "Program planning for larger language groups: Same or different?."
• Herrera, Guillermina. 1986. "Planificación lingüística en Guatemala."
• Lewis, M. Paul. 1991. "Language maintenance, standardization and national trends: Lessons learned fron the Quiche survey."
• VanWagner, Lynette S. 1992. Predicting the acceptance of standardized vernacular languages: The case of Tajumulco Mam, a Mayan language of Guatemala.

Mexico

• Alsop, John R. n.d.. "La política del lenguaje y la lingüística aplicada."

Peru

• Bühmann, Dörthe and Barbara Trudell. 2008. La langue maternelle, ça compte ! La langue locale, clé d'un apprentissage efficace.  
• Bühmann, Dörthe and Barbara Trudell. 2008. Mother tongue matters: local language as a key to effective learning.  

Suriname

• Glock, Naomi. 1983. "Extending the use of Saramaccan in Suriname."

United States

• Bühmann, Dörthe and Barbara Trudell. 2008. La langue maternelle, ça compte ! La langue locale, clé d'un apprentissage efficace.  
• Bühmann, Dörthe and Barbara Trudell. 2008. Mother tongue matters: local language as a key to effective learning.  
• Fuller, Eugene. 1984. "Educational language planning in a Navaho community."
• Grimes, Barbara F. 1994. "Evaluating the Hawaii Creole English situation."
• Malone, Dennis L. and Isara Choosri. 2007. "Stabilizing indigenous languages, a Symposium report."  
• Palmer, Scott. 1996. "The language of work, and the decline of North American languages."
• Ray, Chesley W. 2007. Review of: Literacy and language diversity in the United States, by Terrence G. Wiley.

Asia

Azerbaijan

• Arzumanli, Vagif. 2002. "National policy and ethnic minorities in the Republic of Azerbaijan."
• Arzumanli, Vagif. 2002. "The study and scientific analysis of issues concerning the minority peoples of the Azerbaijani Republic and its national policy."

Bangladesh

• Kosonen, Kimmo, Catherine Young and Susan Malone. 2007. Promoting literacy in multilingual settings.  

Cambodia

• Kosonen, Kimmo, Catherine Young and Susan Malone. 2007. Promoting literacy in multilingual settings.  
• Kosonen, Kimmo. 2005. "Vernaculars in literacy and basic education in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand."

China

• Bhola, H. S. 2005. "Adult literacy and adult education in the socialist modernization of China: policy, performance, lessons."  
• Kosonen, Kimmo, Catherine Young and Susan Malone. 2007. Promoting literacy in multilingual settings.  

India

• Kosonen, Kimmo, Catherine Young and Susan Malone. 2007. Promoting literacy in multilingual settings.  

Indonesia

• Kosonen, Kimmo, Catherine Young and Susan Malone. 2007. Promoting literacy in multilingual settings.  
• Matthews, Delle P. 1983. "Language maintenance, shift and death and the implications for bilingual education."
• Walker, Roland W. 1984. "Implementing Indonesian language policy."

Laos

• Kosonen, Kimmo. 2005. "Vernaculars in literacy and basic education in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand."

Malaysia

• Miller, Carolyn P. 1991. "Language standardization: Problems and possibilities."
• Smith, Karla J. 2003. "Minority language education in Malaysia: four ethnic communities' experiences."
• Smith, Karla. 2001. "The Iranun's strategy for language and culture preservation."  

Nepal

• Hale, Austin. 1976. "Grammars for the lay reader."
• Kosonen, Kimmo, Catherine Young and Susan Malone. 2007. Promoting literacy in multilingual settings.  
• Troyer, Lester O. 1974. "Linguistics and development in Nepal."

Pakistan

• Glover, Warren W. 1987. "What medium of instruction for tribal minorities in Sind?."

Philippines

• Elkins, Richard E. 1990. "Some comments on language enrichment."
• Kosonen, Kimmo, Catherine Young and Susan Malone. 2007. Promoting literacy in multilingual settings.  

Russian Federation

• Marshall, David F. 1992. "The role of language in the dissolution of the Soviet Union."

Taiwan

• Huteson, Greg. 2003. "Report on social, educational, and sociolinguistic issues that impact the deaf and hard of hearing population of Taiwan."  

Thailand

• Kosonen, Kimmo, Catherine Young and Susan Malone. 2007. Promoting literacy in multilingual settings.  
• Kosonen, Kimmo. 2003. "Community participation in minority language education in Thailand."
• Kosonen, Kimmo. 2005. "Vernaculars in literacy and basic education in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand."
• Malone, Dennis L. and Isara Choosri. 2007. "Stabilizing indigenous languages, a Symposium report."  
• Samermit, Potchanat and David D. Thomas, editors. 1989. Linguistics and worldview: In honor of Professor Kenneth L. Pike: Papers from the academic seminar on ‘‘Linguistics and worldview’’ held at Thammasat University, Bangkok, February 17-19, 1986.

Turkey

• Kaye, Alan S. 2001. Review of: The Turkish language reform: a catastrophic success, by Geoffrey Lewis.

Viet Nam

• Lee, Ernest W. 1978. "Diglot textbooks and dictionaries as a means to the assimilation of the national language of Viet Nam."

Europe

Russian Federation

• Marshall, David F. 1992. "The role of language in the dissolution of the Soviet Union."

Turkey

• Kaye, Alan S. 2001. Review of: The Turkish language reform: a catastrophic success, by Geoffrey Lewis.

Pacific

American Samoa

• Huebner, Thom. 1988. "Vernacular literacy, English as a language of wider communication, and language shift in American Samoa."

Australia

• Sandefur, John R. 1983. "The Quileute approach to language revival programs."
• Sandefur, John R. 1985. "Language planning and the development of an Australian Aboriginal creole."
• Sandefur, John R. 1990. "Raising the prestige of a Creole language: An Australian example."

Papua New Guinea

• Ahai, Naihuwo. 2005. "Literacy in an emergent society: Papua New Guinea."  
• Bühmann, Dörthe and Barbara Trudell. 2008. La langue maternelle, ça compte ! La langue locale, clé d'un apprentissage efficace.  
• Bühmann, Dörthe and Barbara Trudell. 2008. Mother tongue matters: local language as a key to effective learning.  
• Franklin, Karl J. 1975. "Vernaculars as bridges to cross-cultural understanding."
• Franklin, Karl. 1986. "SIL and Tok Pisin."
• Lewis, M. Paul and Barbara Trudell. 2008. "Language cultivation in contexts of multiple community languages."
• Litteral, Robert L. 1975. "A proposal for the use of Pidgin in Papua New Guinea’s education system."
• Litteral, Robert L. 1978. "Language planning activity in Papua New Guinea."
• Litteral, Robert L. 1984. "Typological parameters of vernacular language planning."
• Litteral, Robert L. 1991. "Interdependence in language assessment and program planning."
• Litteral, Robert. 1999. "Four decades of language policy in Papua New Guinea: The move towards the vernacular."  
• Litteral, Robert. 1999. "Language development in Papua New Guinea."  
• Litteral, Robert. 2004. "Community and family based language policy: an Angor case study."
• McElhanon, Kenneth A., editor. 1975. Tok Pisin i go we?: Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973.
• Murane, John, editor. 1978. Language planning and grammatical typologies.
• Rueck, Michael J. 2006. Social network analysis applied to language planning in the Morehead district, Papua New Guinea.
• Staalsen, Philip and David Strange. 1975. "Pidgin as a medium for training translators."
• Turner, Blaine. 1990. "Training in the national language as part of a balanced vernacular language program."
• Wroge, Diane. 2000. "Towards the use of vernacular languages as a medium of instruction in Papua New Guinea’s formal education system - a summary."

Vanuatu

• Early, Robert J. 1991. "Access in Vanuatu: Optimal or maximal?."