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Orthography

Index of SIL publications on Orthography listed by country.

See only SIL publications on Orthography available online or for purchase from SIL International Publications.

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General works

• A. CAMPOS DE RAMÍREZ, María de los, translator; BUNDY DE OLSON, Francisca, editor. 1995. Elaborando alfabetos.
• Anonymous. 2011. Orthography and phonology description Doromu Koki language [kqc]; Central province.
• BENDOR-SAMUEL, John T., author. 1996. "African languages."
• BIRD, Steven, author. 1998. Strategies for representing tone in African writing systems: a critical review.  
• CLIFTON, John M., author. 2002. "Alphabets of ten Turkic languages."
• GLOVER, Warren W.; MILLAR, J. B., authors. 1981. "Synthesis of the Devanagari orthography."
• GORDON, Raymond G.; GRIMES, Joseph E., authors. 1980. "Design of new orthographies."
• HARTELL, Rhonda L., editor. 1993. Alphabets de Langues Africaines.
• HARTELL, Rhonda L., editor. 1993. Alphabets of Africa.
• HÖHLIG, Monika, author. 1979. Adiĝe alfabet = Cerkesçe okuyup yazmak sanildigi kadar zor degildir. Siz de bir deneyin = Adige lesen und schreiben ist nicht so schwer, wie man glaubt. Versuch du es auch!.
• HOLLINGSWORTH, Kenneth R., author. 1993. Report of research on two Mofu orthography concerns.  
• KUTSCH LOJENGA, Constance, author. 1993. The writing and reading of tone in Bantu languages.
• KUTSCH LOJENGA, Constance, author. 2003. "Develop an orthography."
• KUTSCH LOJENGA, Constance; VAN DYKEN, Julia, authors. 1993. "Word boundaries: Key factors in orthography development."
• MOORE, Hyatt, editor. 2011. The Alphabet Makers: A presentation from the Museum of the Alphabet, Waxhaw, North Carolina.
• ROBBINS, Frank E., author. 1992. "Standardization of unwritten vernaculars."  
• ROBERTS, David, author. 2008. "Thirty years of tone orthography testing in West African languages (1977-2007)."
• SCHROEDER, Leila, author. 2010. Bantu orthography manual.  
• SMITH, Tony, author. 2001. Rapport sur un essai d'orthographe muyang fait à Guduba (Palbara), octobre-décembre 2000.  
• SNIDER, Keith L., author. 2001. "Linguistic factors in orthography design."
• THAR, Lois, author. 1993. Designing braille orthographies for primers.
• TOBA, Ingrid, author. 1997. Review of: Literacy and script reform in occupation Japan: reading between the lines, by J. Marshall Unger.
• TREMPER, Mark W., author. 1985. Current principles of orthography design: a study of orthography development in North America and Colombia.
• UNSETH, Peter, author. 2005. "Sociolinguistic parallels between choosing scripts and languages."
• WEAVER, Deborah, author. 1980. Orthography design.
• WIESEMANN, Ursula, author. 1995. Tone orthography and pedagogy.

Works specific to particular countries

Africa

Benin

• COMITÉ International de Suivi de l'Orthographe de la Langue Aja, editor. 2010. Orthographe pratique standard de l'ajagbe.
• COMITÉ International de Suivi de l'Orthographe de la Langue Aja, editor. 2010. Guide de l’orthographe de l’ajagbe.
• HOUNKPATI B. C., Capo; IGUE, Akanni, authors. 1993. "Benin: Introduction."
• ROBERTS, David, author. 2008. L'orthographe du ton dans les langues béninoises.

Botswana

• HASSELBRING, Sue, author. 1996. Orthography testing in Botswana.
• VISSER, Hessel, author. 2001. The intricacies of Khoesan orthography: the case of Naro.
• VISSER, Hessel, author. 2003. "Complexidades de uma ortografia Koesana: o caso da língua Naro."

Burkina Faso

• ANDERSON, Karen D., author. 2003. Why Ini can’t read: a miscue analysis of Lobiri, an African tone language.
• Anonymous. 2009. Guide d'orthographe Karaboro.
• NIKIEMA, Norbert, author. 1993. "Burkina Faso Introduction."
• OUATTARA, Lassina, author. 2000. Guide orthographique Dogose.
• OUATTARA, Lassina, author. 2000. Guide orthographique Dogosé.
• SOLOMIAC, Paul; TRAORÉ, Ali; TRAORÉ, Fabé, authors. 1998. Guide orthographique du Dzùùngoo: a l’usage de ceux qui savent déjà lire et écrire en français.
• SOUS-COMMISSION de la langue cerma, author; HEMA, Sabirba, illustrator. 2009. Guide d'orthographe cerma.
• SUGGETT, Colin, author. 2003. En avant pour le tchourama! Guide d’orthographe tchourama.
• SUGGETT, Colin, author. 2006. En avant pour le tchourama! Guide d'orthographe tchourama.

Cameroon

• ALOMOFOR, Christian, compiler. 2007. Awing - English dictionary and English - Awing index.
• ALOMOFOR, Christian; ANDERSON, Stephen C., authors. 2005. Awing orthography guide.  
• AMADOU, Ruben; GRAVINA, Richard; KADJEWE, Jacob; MAYAWAT, Malachie; TAHBAÏ, Pierre, authors. 2004. L'orthographe de la langue Tchouvok, esquisse préliminaire.  
• ANDERSON, Stephen C., author. 2012. ISU ORTHOGRAPHY GUIDE.  
• ANDERSON, Stephen C.; NJECK, Mathaus M., authors. 2010. Bakoko orthography guide.  
• ANDERSON, Stephen C.; NJECK, Mathaus Mbah, authors. 2005. The Pinyin orthography guide.  
• BABUGA, Deye Umaru; ESA, Yakubu; HUBER, Carolin, authors. 2011. Orthography guide for Fulfulde-Jaafun as spoken in the North West Region of Cameroon.  
• BATOUAN B., Joseph-Alain; BETE, Samuel; SATRE, Scott Alan; SEBINENI, A. Flore; WELAZE, Jacquis K., authors. 2008. Précis d'orthographe pour la langue tunen.  
• BIRD, Steven, author. 1998. When marking tone reduces fluency: an orthography experiment in Cameroon.  
• BIRD, Steven, author. 2000. Orthography and identity in Cameroon.
• BITEYA, Marguerite; BOYD, Ginger; KONGNE WELAZE, Jacquis; OKALIA, Gabriel, authors. 2005. Précis d'orthographe pour la langue Tuki.
• BOUTWELL, Katrina L.; BOUTWELL, Richard L., authors. 2008. Nchane orthography guide.  
• BOUTWELL, Katrina L.; BOUTWELL, Richard L., authors. 2011. Mungong Orthography Guide.  
• BOYD, Ginger, author. 2006. Précis d'orthographe de langue Nuasue (Yangben).  
• BOYD, Ginger, author. Available: 2009; Created: 2006. Précis d'orthographe de langue numála.  
• BOYD, Virginia L., author. 2000. Exposé de l'alphabet et de l'orthographe proposés pour le gbaya mbodomo.  
• BOYD, Virginia L., author. 2006. Précis d'orthographe de langue nulibie.  
• BRAHIM, Alhaji Marouf; SHRYOCK, Aaron, authors. 2011. L'alphabet et l'orthographe de lagwan.  
• CHEFFY, Ian P., author. 1992. Alphabet and orthography statement for Limbum (Donga-Mantung Division, North West Province).  
• CLARK, Scott, author. 2007. Alphabet and orthography statement for Fulfulde [FUB] Ajamiya (found in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Central African Republic).  
• COMITÉ d'orthographe de la langue ouldémé; KINNAIRD, Annukka; KINNAIRD, William; OUMATÉ, Timothée, authors. 1999. Proposition d'orthographe pour la langue ouldeme.  
• COX, Bruce, author. 2005. Kemezung orthography guide.  
• DAVISON, Phil, author. 2009. Weh orthography guide.  
• DELI, Benjamin; KONAI, Pascal; KOYANG, Ernest; MBOUVAI, François; VILJOEN, Mélanie; VILJOEN, Michael, authors. 2009. Précis d'orthographe pour la langue buwal.  
• DOUMOK, Elie; GRAVINA, Richard, authors. 2001. L'orthographe de la langue mere (Description préliminaire).  
• ERNST, Urs, author. 1996. Alphabet et orthographe du Kakɔ (Kakɔ-est).  
• ERNST, Urs, author. 1996. Alphabet et orthographe du Mbonjɔɔ (Kakɔ-ouest).  
• ERNST, Urs, author. 1996. Tone orthography in Kakɔ (Kakɔ East).  
• EYOH, Julius A.; HEDINGER, Robert, authors. 2008. Mfumte orthography guide.  
• EYOH, Julius A.; SANDAMU, Echebi Emmanuel, authors. 2009. Mbembe orthography guide.  
• FRIESEN, Dianne, author. 2001. Proposed segmental orthography of Moloko.  
• GIGER, Marti; LIENHARD, Ruth, authors. Available: 2009; Created: 1986. Document de référence pour la standardisation de la langue daba.  
• GOLAMADANG, Thomas; GRAVINA, Richard; SABATAÏ, Timothée, authors. 2005. L'orthgraphe de la langue guemzek.  
• GRAVINA, Richard, author. n.d.. The phonological structure of Mbuko.  
• GRAVINA, Richard; NELEZEK BARKO, Robert, authors. 1999. Avinde ʼam sǝ mbuko (Guide de l’orthographe de la langue Mbuko).
• HALLER, Beat, author. 1984. "Problems in attempting to write the Zulgo language."
• HEDINGER, Robert, author. 2000. Some issues in the establishment of an orthography for Akɔɔse.  
• HEDINGER, Robert; NDOKOBAI, authors. 2005. Proposed Bum orthography statement.  
• HOLLINGSWORTH, Kenneth R.; POHLIG, James N., authors. 2008. Présentation de l'orthographe du mofu-gudur.  
• JACKSON, Chris, author. 1998. Kenyang tone orthography reading test.  
• KINNAIRD, William, author. 2005. Proposition d'orthographe pour la langue vamé.  
• LÉONARD, Yves, author. 2009. Orthographe Baka.  
• LUX, Cindy; LUX, David, authors. 1996. Tone in the Noòni noun phrase: orthographic considerations.  
• MBUAGBAW, Tanyi Eyong, author. 1995. Denya tone orthography.  
• MBUAGBAW, Tanyi Eyong, author. 1999. Kenyang orthography guide.  
• MBUAGBAW, Tanyi Eyong, author. 2008. "The standardisation and modernisation of Kenyang."  
• MENETREY, Catherine; PERRIN, Mona, authors. Available: 2006; Created: 1987. Présentation de l'orthographe du Guɗe.  
• MFONYAM, Joseph N., author. 1989. Tone in orthography: The case of Bafut and related languages.  
• NGANG, David; ULFERS, Robert Ernst, authors. 2000. A practical study of the orthography of compound words in the Karang language (ALCAM 352).  
• NJECK, Mathaus Mbah, author. 1994. Bangolan orthography statement.  
• NJECK, Mathaus Mbah, author. 2008. Moghamo orthography guide.  
• NJOYA, Ibirahim, author. 2010. Précis d'orthographe pour la langue pana.  
• PATMAN, Keith; ROBINSON, Clinton, authors. 1989. Regles d'orthographe pour la langue nugunu.  
• PERRIN, Mona, author. Available: 2005; Created: 1987. Alphabet and orthography statement for the Mambila language.  
• PHILLIPS, Kathleen, author. 1979. The initial standardization of the Yambɛta language.
• SADEMBOUO, Etienne; TADADJEU, Maurice, editors. 1984. Alphabet général des langues camerounaises (General alphabet of Cameroon languages).
• SADEMBOUO, Etienne; TADADJEU, Maurice; WIESEMANN, Ursula, authors. 1983. Guide pour le développement des systèmes d’écriture des langues africaines.
• SATRE, Scott Alan, author. 1998. Exposé de l'alphabet et de l'orthographe du ngomba.  
• SMITH, Tony, author. 2001. Alphabet et orthographe muyang.  
• SPIELMANN, Kent, author. Available: 2003; Created: 1998. Mkaaʼ orthography review (Bakaka).  
• SPREDA, Klaus W., author. 1990. Key to the Metaʼ alphabet.  
• TADADJEU, Maurice, author. 1993. "Cameroon: Introduction."
• THWING, Rhonda, author. 1981. Vute orthography statement.  
• VILJOEN, Mélanie, author. 2009. Précis d'orthographe pour la langue gavar.  
• WATTERS, John R., author. 1982. "Problems in developing an Ejagham orthography."
• WEBER, Joan; WEBER, Martin, authors. 2008. Précis d'orthographe pour la langue kwanja (dialecte súndànɨ́).  
• WIESEMANN, Ursula, author. 1981. "Native speaker reaction and the development of writing systems for unwritten languages."
• WIESEMANN, Ursula, author. 1982. "The phonology and orthography of Tupuri."
• WILKENDORF, Patricia, author. Available: 2004; Created: 1987. Exposé de l'alphabet et de l'orthographe du Nomaande.  

Central African Republic

• DIKI-KIDIRI, Marcel, author. 1993. "Central African Republic: Introduction."
• KARAN, Elke, author. 2006. Writing system development and reform: a process.
• NJOYA, Ibirahim, author. 2010. Précis d'orthographe pour la langue pana.  

Congo

• CAHILL, Michael, author. 2008. "Word games as experimental linguistics."  
• LIPOU, Antoine, author. 1993. "Congo: Introduction."

Côte d’Ivoire

• BAUERNSCHMIDT, Amy; GRIMES, Joseph E.; MARWIEH, Augustus B., authors. 1960. "Several Kru orthographies."
• BOLLI, Margrit, author. 1978. Writing tone with punctuation marks.
• BOLLI, Margrit, author. 1991. Orthography difficulties to be overcome by Dan people literate in French.
• BURMEISTER, Jonathan L., author. 1980. Tone orthography for Ivory Coast languages.
• BURMEISTER, Jonathan L., author. 1999. Guide d’orthographe Agni Sanvi.
• KOFFI, Ettien N., author. 1994. The representation of tones in the orthography.
• KOFFI, Ettien N., author. 1995. Indigenizing punctuation marks.
• KOUADIO NʼGUESSAN, Jérémie, author. 1993. "Côte d’Ivoire: Introduction."
• MEIER, Ingeborg, author. 1983. "Comment écrire les tons de manière simple et satisfaisante: Un apport de la linguistique a un probleme d’alphabétisation."

Democratic Republic of the Congo

• BAMATA-SUBAMA; PROJET de Traduction de la Bible et d'Alphabétisation en langue Budu, authors. Available: 2011; Created: 1997. Manuel d'orthographe Budu.
• OLSON, Kenneth S., author. 2004. "Mono."  
• PROJET de Traduction de la Bible et d'Alphabétisation en langue Lika, author. Available: 2011; Created: 2002. Manuel d'orthographe Lika.
• THOMAS, J. Paul, author. Available: 1994; Created: 1986-1994. Rapport sur le système d'orthographe komo;Projet de langue komo, 1994.

Ethiopia

• SCHOLZ, Hans-Jürgen, author. 1980. Handbuch zur Alphabetisierung.
• UNSETH, Carole; UNSETH, Peter, authors. 1991. Analyzing ambiguity in orthographies.

Gambia

• FRÉSARD, Janet; WILKINSON, Sarah, authors. Available: 2012; Created: 2008-2011. Karon Orthography.  
• LOWRY, David; WILKINSON, Sarah, authors. 2012. Kuloonay Orthography.  

Ghana

• AWEDOBA, A. K., author. 1990. "Kasem tones and orthography [includes response from P.L. Hewer]."
• CAHILL, Michael, author. 2001. Avoiding tone marks: a remnant of English education?.
• CAHILL, Michael; KARAN, Elke, authors. 2008. Factors in designing effective orthographies for unwritten languages.  
• HAMPTON, Roberta S., author. 1989. Using insights from the naive literate as a tool in the linguist’s bag.
• SNIDER, Keith L., author. 1992. ‘Grammatical tone’ and orthography.

Guinea

• MOHAMED Lamine Sano, author. 1993. "Guinea: Introduction."

Kenya

• KISANGʼ, Philemon; LARSEN, Iver A., authors. n.d. Reading and writing Endo: a short introduction to the phonology of the Endo language.
• OMONDI, Lucia N., author. 1993. "Kenya: Introduction."
• SIM, Margaret G., author. 1979. "The importance of a good orthography in the preparation of literacy materials."
• SIM, Ronald J., author. 1979. Proposals concerning the Kuria alphabet.

Liberia

• DUITSMAN, John, author. 1981. A plus for plurals in writing Liberian Krahn.
• DUITSMAN, John, author. 1981. Liberian Krahn: Some notes on vowel orthography.
• DUITSMAN, John, author. 1986. Testing two systems for marking tone in Western Krahn.
• LIGHTFOOT, Nancy, author. 1980. "On the use of underlying forms in Klao orthography."
• MILLER, Margaret D., author. 1970. Tone diacritics in Loma.

Mali

• CARLSON, Robert, author. 1998. Wuu Supyire semɛ (Ecrivons le supyiré: Orthographe et grammaire pratiques du supyiré de Kampolondougou).
• KODIO, Koungarma, author. 1993. "Mali: Introduction."

Mozambique

• ALEIXO, José Luis; ALICETE, Charles Tomé; BITONE, Flávio Isaías; FORTUNA, Paulo Jaime; MANUEL, Tomás Edmundo; NHAZEZE, Luís, authors. 1998. Bukhu ya kupfundzisa malembero a Cisena - Livro de ortografia de língua Sena.
• GARDNER, William L., author. 2001. Orthography challenges in Bantu languages.

Namibia

• VISSER, Hessel, author. 2001. The intricacies of Khoesan orthography: the case of Naro.

Niger

• ATTAYOUB, Abdoulmohamine Khamed; GRANDOUILLER, Christian; MOXAMADOU, Maxmoudoune, authors. 2000. Guide d'orthographe təmajəq.
• BEGNA, Mohamed, author. 1993. "Niger: Introduction."

Nigeria

• BERGMAN, Richard, author. 1984. Introducing a new alphabet for the Igede language.
• MEIER, Ingeborg, author. 1983. "Comment écrire les tons de manière simple et satisfaisante: Un apport de la linguistique a un probleme d’alphabétisation."
• MEIER, Ingeborg, author. 1983. Making tone markings acceptable and easy.
• STARK, Janie P., author. 2000. Simultaneous consideration of co-languages: implications for orthography design.
• STARK, Janie P., author. 2010. Kambari orthography design.  
• WILLIAMSON, Kay, author. 1993. "Nigeria: Introduction."

Senegal

• DIALO, Amadou, author. 1993. "Senegal: Introduction."
• FRÉSARD, Janet; WILKINSON, Sarah, authors. Available: 2012; Created: 2008-2011. Karon Orthography.  
• SOUKKA, Heikki; SOUKKA, Maria, authors. 2012. Guide d'orthographe de la langue Noon.  

Sierra Leone

• Anonymous. 1999. Make way for Mende.
• COOMBER, Ajayi, author. 1993. "Sierra Leone: Introduction."

Sudan

• AHMED, Ibrahim, author. 2004. "Suggestions for writing modern Nubian languages."
• ALLAM, Massimino, author. 1984. Afonihine ofioro Otuho (Lotuho wisdom has increased).
• ALLAM, Massimino, author. 1998. Afonihine ofioro Otuho (Lotuho wisdom has increased).
• Anonymous. 1994. Teaching vernacular languages in primary schools in Sudan: module 1.
• BILAL, Clement Murba Wau, author. 2004. "The Adamawa - Ubangi languages in Sudan."
• COATES, Heather, author. 1985. "Otuho phonology and orthography."
• DE JONG, Nicolaas, author. 2004. "Didinga orthography."
• DUERKSEN, John L., author. 2004. "A journey in orthography evaluation - my Otuho experience."
• DUERKSEN, John L., author. 2004. "Dinka-Nuer orthographies."
• ELUZAI, Moga Yokwe, author. 1993. "Sudan: Introduction."
• GILLEY, Leoma G., author. 1999. Facilitating orthography development with mother-tongue speakers.
• GILLEY, Leoma G., author. 2004. Morphophonemic orthographies in fusional languages: the cases of Dinka and Shilluk.  
• KILPATRICK, Eileen, author. 2004. "Orthographies of Moru-Maʼdi languages."
• PACE, Wanda, author. 1991. Orthography and the influence of morphophonemics.
• PERSSON, Janet, author. 2004. "Bongo-Bagirmi languages in Sudan."
• SAMPSON, Douglas L., author. 1997. "Update on Baka phonology and orthography, as of 1996."
• SCHRÖDER, Martin, author. 2004. "Issues in Toposa orthography."
• WATSON, Richard L., author. 1989. "Moru-maʼdi orthography problems."  

Tanzania

• COMPTON, Alison; WALKER, John B., authors; SCHROEDER, Leila; STEGEN, Oliver, consultants. Available: 2011; Created: 2007-2010. Suba-Simbiti Orthography Sketch.
• GRAY, Hazel, author. 2011. Ikizu Orthography Statement.
• GRAY, Hazel, author. 2011. Zanaki Orthography Statement.
• GRAY, Hazel; SMITH, Michelle, authors; SCHROEDER, Leila; STEGEN, Oliver, consultants. Available: 2011; Created: 2007-2010. Ikizu Orthography Sketch.
• GRAY, Hazel; SMITH, Michelle, authors; SCHROEDER, Leila; STEGEN, Oliver, consultants. Available: 2011; Created: 2007-2010. Zanaki Orthography Sketch.
• HIGGINS, Holly, author; SCHROEDER, Leila; STEGEN, Oliver, consultants. Available: 2011; Created: 2007-2010. Ikoma Orthography Sketch.
• KIRAKA, Pius; ROTH, Timothy, authors; HILL, F. Dustin, editor; SCHROEDER, Leila; STEGEN, Oliver, consultants. Available: 2011; Created: 2007-2011. Kwaya Orthography Sketch.
• KIRAKA, Pius; ROTH, Timothy, authors; SCHROEDER, Leila; STEGEN, Oliver, consultants. Available: 2011; Created: 2007-2010. Jita Orthography Sketch.
• KIRAKA, Pius; WALKER, John B., authors; HILL, F. Dustin; RUNDELL, Oliver, editors; SCHROEDER, Leila; STEGEN, Oliver, consultants; MASIGE, John; MEJA, Paul, speakers. 2011. Kabwa Orthography Sketch.
• MATTHEWS, Thomas, author; KAMPHUIS, Dorien, editor; MOE, Ronald, consultant. 2011. Echizinza Orthography Statement.
• ODOM, Ronit, author. 2011. Kwaya Orthography Statement.
• WALKER, John B., author. 2011. Kabwa Orthography Statement.
• WALKER, John B., author. 2011. Suba-Simbiti Orthography Statement.

Togo

• COMITÉ International de Suivi de l'Orthographe de la Langue Aja, editor. 2010. Orthographe pratique standard de l'ajagbe.
• COMITÉ International de Suivi de l'Orthographe de la Langue Aja, editor. 2010. Guide de l’orthographe de l’ajagbe.
• ISSA, Takassi, author. 1993. "Togo: Introduction."
• MEIER, Ingeborg, author. 1983. "Comment écrire les tons de manière simple et satisfaisante: Un apport de la linguistique a un probleme d’alphabétisation."
• POIDI, Honorine, author. 1996. Manuel d’orthographe Igo: Cours destine aux bogo lettres en Français.
• POIDI, Massanvi, editor. 1989. L’orthographe de l’igo.
• ROBERTS, David, author. 2005. L'orthographe des pronoms sujets en kabiyè.
• ROBERTS, David, author. 2006. "Double sens, doubles consonnes: une proposition pour effacer des ambiguîtés tonales dans l'orthographe du kabiyè."
• ROBERTS, David, author. 2007. Le confectionnement d'une graphie tonale pour le kabiyè.
• ROBERTS, David, author. 2008. "The two Kabiye orthographies: a sociolinguistic and linguistic comparison."
• ROBERTS, David, author. 2008. L'orthographe du ton en kabiyè au banc d'essai.  
• ROBERTS, David, author. 2008. L'orthographe du ton dans les langues béninoises.
• ROBERTS, David, author. 2008. L'orthographe du ton: nouvelles approches méthodologiques.
• ROBERTS, David, author. 2010. "Hidden morpheme boundaries in Kabiye: a source of miscues in a toneless orthography."
• ROBERTS, David; WALTER, Stephen L., authors. 2012. "Writing grammar rather than tone: An orthography experiment in Togo."
• WIESEMANN, Ursula, author. 1989. Orthography matters.

Uganda

• DIPROSE, Martin, author. 2006. Katabbu Kadooli̱ ka Kuhab̭ura Bantu Kuhandiika Lugungu.
• HOMER, Scot; WANDERA, Enoch; WICKS, Doug, authors. 2006. A brief spelling guide for Lunyole: approved orthography status, 2006..
• HOMER, Scot; WANDERA, Enoch; WICKS, Douglas, authors. 2006. Lunyole orthography guide: approved orthography, 2006.
• LUGUNGU Language Committee; MBABAZI, James; MOE, Ronald, authors. 1999. Lugungu orthography guide, preliminary version.
• NZOGI, Richard Kijjali, author. 2008. Empandiika yʼolutumu oLugwere = Lugwere language spelling guide .
• NZOGI, Richard, author. 2011. Empandiika ya lutumu oLugwere = The Lugwere Language Spelling Guide .
• TABB, Waller C., author; BAHEMUKA, Hannington; MUSINGUZI, Charles; WILSON, Mubulya A., facilitators. 2006. Kitabo kya kuhabula kuhandiika Lubwisi.

Americas

Belize

• DECKER, Kendall D., author. 1996. "Orthography development for Belize creole."

Brazil

• BUTLER, Nancy; EKDAHL, Bete (Elizabeth), authors. 1994. Explicação da Ortografia Terena.  
• CROFTS, Marjorie, author. 1976. "Must tone always be written in a tonal language?."
• GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C., author. 1968. A test for orthographic ambiguity.
• GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C., author. 1970. "More on formulating efficient orthographies."
• GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C., author. 1972. "The nature of the writing system: Pedagogical implications."
• GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C., author. 1972. Notes on neutralization and orthography.
• HALL, Joan, author. 1979. Os sistemas fonológicos e gráficos xavante e português: Análise contrastiva.  
• WIESEMANN, Ursula, author. 2008. Contribuição ao desenvolvimento de uma ortografia da língua Hunsrik falada na América do Sul.  

Canada

• FRANTZ, Donald G., author. 1978. "Abstractness of phonology and Blackfoot orthography design."
• MORREN, Ronald C., author. 1986. Primers for a syllabary writing system.
• VALENTINE, J. Randolph, author. 1987. Review of: Promoting native writing systems in Canada, by B. J. Burnaby.
• WALKER, Richard; WILKINSON, David B., compilers. 1974. Central Carrier bilingual dictionary.

Chile

• CROESE, Robert A.; SALAS, Adalberto; SEPÚLVEDA, Gastón, authors. 1978. "Proposición de un sistema unificado de transcripción fonémica para el mapudungu."
• WEBER, Nancy L.; WEBER, Robert L., authors. 1985. Hacia el establecimiento de un sistema escrito para el rapa nui, lengua de la Isla de Pascua.

Colombia

• Anonymous. 1976. "Notas sobre fonología y ortografía cuiba."  
• WALTZ, Carolyn H., author. 1986. Bilingual Guananos lead us to a simple alphabet.

Guatemala

• BRAWAND, Alice; BRAWAND, John; FLEMING, Ilah, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto achí."
• BUTLER, James H.; BUTLER, Judy G., authors. 1977. "Alfabeto tzutujil."
• CAMPOSECO R., Jerónimo; STRATMEYER, Dennis; STRATMEYER, Jean, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto jacalteco."
• CARLSON, Ruth; EACHUS, Francis; SEDAT, William, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto kekchí."
• ELLIOTT, Helen; ELLIOTT, Raymond, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto ixil."
• FLEMING, Ilah, author. 1977. "Alfabeto caribe centroamericano."
• FLEMING, Ilah, compiler. 1977. Alfabeto de las lenguas mayances.
• FLEMING, Ilah; HUFF, Alice; HUFF, Wayne, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto uspanteco."
• FLEMING, Ilah; KING, Martha; MAXIA C., Marcial, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto cakchiquel."
• FLEMING, Ilah; WESTFALL, Arvid; WESTFALL, Nancy L., authors. 1977. "Alfabeto kanjobal."
• FOX, Carol; FOX, David G.; SAQUIC C., Felipe R., authors. 1977. "Alfabeto quiché."
• HILE, Pat; MCCLUGGAGE, Ralph, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto quiché."
• MAYERS, Marvin K., author. 1977. "Alfabeto pokomchí."
• MCARTHUR, Harry S.; MCARTHUR, Lucille E., authors. 1977. "Alfabeto aguacateco."
• MCNICHOLS, John L., author. 1977. "Alfabeto chortí."
• NEUENSWANDER, Helen L.; SHAW, Mary, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto achí."
• OLTROGGE, David F., author. 1976. Review of: Proyecto de alfabetos y ortografías para escribir las lenguas mayances, by Terrence Kaufman.
• ORTIZ M., Patricio; SYWULKA, Edward, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto Mam."
• SCHUMAN, Otto; ULRICH, Matthew, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto itzá."
• ULRICH, Matthew; ULRICH, Rosemary, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto Maya-Mopán."
• WILLIAMS, Barbara; WILLIAMS, Kenneth L., authors. 1977. "Alfabeto chuj."
• ZINN, Gail; ZINN, Raymond, authors. 1977. "Alfabeto pocomam oriental."

Honduras

• DENNIS, Margaret; DENNIS, Ronald K.; FLEMING, Ilah, authors. 1975. "El alfabeto tol (jicaque)."

Mexico

• Anonymous. 2006. Alfabeto popular para la escritura del Zapoteco del Istmo 1956.  
• BENTON, Joseph P., author. 1999. How the Summer Institute of Linguistics has developed orthographies for indigenous languages of Mexico (Cómo el Instituto Lingüístico de Verano ha formado ortografías para las lenguas autóctonas de Mexico).  
• BERNABÉ CH., Evaristo; LANIER, Nancy, authors. 2002. Notas históricas sobre las variaciones de los alfabetos otomies.  
• GITTLEN, Laura; GITTLEN, Peter, authors. 1981. Some modern syllabaries.
• GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C., author. 1959. "Toneme representation in Mazatec orthography."
• GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C., author. 1968. A test for orthographic ambiguity.
• GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C., author. 1970. "More on formulating efficient orthographies."
• GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C., author. 1972. "The nature of the writing system: Pedagogical implications."
• GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C., author. 1972. Notes on neutralization and orthography.
• HAGBERG, Lawrence R., author. 2001. "Mayo practical orthography."
• HOLLENBACH, Barbara E., author. 1978. Choosing a tone orthography for Copala Trique.
• HOLLENBACH, Barbara E., author. 2007. "Tone languages and language (un)awareness."  
• LEGTERS, D. Brainerd, author. 1937. "Notas sobre el alfabeto maya."
• LONGACRE, Robert E., author. 1953. "A tone orthography for Trique."
• LONGACRE, Robert E., author. 1970. An experiment in testing the reading of Trique without indication of tone.
• MARLETT, Stephen A., author. 1980. Phonology, orthography, and diacritics.
• MARLETT, Stephen A., author. 2006. "La evolución del alfabeto seri."
• MARLETT, Stephen A.; MOSER, Mary B., authors. 1998. Aclaraciones sobre la ortografía seri.  
• MARLETT, Stephen A.; MOSER, Mary B., compilers. 2010. Comcaac quih yaza quih hant ihiip hac = Diccionario seri-español-inglés .  
• MUELLER, Elke, author. 2005. El alfabeto del náhuatl de Morelos.  
• MUGELE, Robert L., author. 1978. The pedagogical implications of undersymbolization in orthography.
• PARKHURST, Stephen J., author. 1993. Smalley’s ‘maximums’ of orthography design and sign languages.
• PIKE, Kenneth L., author. 1938. "Practical suggestions toward a common orthography for Indian languages of Mexico for education of the natives within their own tongues."
• SMITH, Paul, author. 1966. Apuntes sobre unas letras del alfabeto chinanteco.
• WENDELL, Margaret M., author. 1970. A problem in Totonac orthography.

Panama

• ANDERSON, Joanne; KOONTZ, Carol, authors. 1977. "La derivación de una ortografía teribe."
• FORSTER, Keith, author. Available: 2009; Created: 2001-04-16. Dule-Gaya absoged.  

Peru

• BURNS, Donald H., author. 1952. Sistemas fonéticos de lenguas sin escritura.
• POWLISON, Paul, author. 1968. "Bases for formulating an efficient orthography."
• SNELL, Betty A., compiler; WISE, Mary Ruth, editor; CHÁVEZ P., Irene; COLLANTES, Anita; CRUZ K., Venturo; PEREIRA C., J. Epifanio, consultants. 2011. Diccionario matsigenka — castellano con índice castellano, notas enciclopédicas y apuntes gramaticales.  
• WEBER, David J., author. 2005. Writing Quechua: the case for a Hispanic orthography.
• WEBER, David J., author; BALLENA D., Marlene, translator. 1994. Ortografía lecciones del quechua.  

Suriname

• GRIMES, Joseph E., author. 1972. "Writing systems for the interior of Surinam."  
• HUTTAR, George L., author. 1992. "Afaka and his Creole syllabary: The social context of a writing system."  

United States

• GORDON, Raymond G., author. 1981. Symbolic manipulation of orthography.
• GORDON, Raymond G., author. 1986. Some psycholinguistic considerations in practical orthography design.

Asia

Bangladesh

• CLIFTON, John M., author. 2009. Orthography development as an ongoing collaborative process: lessons from Bangladesh.  

China

• ENWALL, Joakim, author. 1998. "Introductory remarks on M. H. Hutton’s Keh Deo writing."  
• FINE, Cathryn, author. 2003. Extendibility in Bouyei orthography design: a multilectal approach.
• GEARY, D. Norman; LONG Yaohong, authors. 2000. "The Kam orthography."
• MORSE, David L.; TEHAN, Thomas M., authors. 2000. "How do you write Lisu?."  

Indonesia

• DAWSON, Barbara J., author. 1989. Orthography decisions.
• GRAVELLE, Gilles, author. 1990. "Orthography testing in Meah: Using Meah or Indonesian semi-vowel rules."
• HANAFI, B. A., compiler. 1991. Pedoman ejaan bahasa daerah Muna.
• JONES, Linda K., author. 1991. Word break problems in Yawa orthography.
• KASUMBA, Ronald; PENGEI, Erik; RAMBANGUDU, Manya; TARUA, Bance; TOLEY, Irwanto S.; TONINGKY, Sudarmin B.; YABU, Nurdin, authors; COOMBS, Jonathan M.; COOMBS, Veronica J.; ORUH, Janet M., editors. 2011. Kamus Saku: Bahasa Tado-Lindu - Indonesia - Inggris.
• SILZER, Peter J., author. 1976. "A six-week phonemic analysis of Air Mati with a tentative orthography."

Laos

• COSTELLO, Nancy A.; KHAMLUAN Sulavan, authors. 1996. "Preliminary statement of Katu orthography in Lao script."  
• HAAK, Feikje van der, author. 1993. "Taʼuaih phonology and orthography: a preliminary statement."  
• JACQ, Pascale, author. 2004. "The development of a Lao-based orthography for Jruˀ."  
• MILLER, Carolyn P.; MILLER, John D., authors. 2005. "A proposed Lao script orthography for Bru Van Kieu/Bru Tri."

Malaysia

• KROEGER, Paul R., author. 1981. A phonetic orthography for computer applications.

Myanmar

• CAHILL, Michael; KARAN, Elke, authors. 2008. Factors in designing effective orthographies for unwritten languages.  
• MANSON, Ken, author. 2008. Pekon Kayan Orthography.
• NAI Pan Hla, author. 1998. "Kyansittha and the Indic words in Myanmar from Mon."  
• SO-HARTMANN, Helga; THOMAS, David D., authors. 1981. Morphophonemic writing in Daai Chin.

Nepal

• GLOVER, Warren W., author. 2002. "Choosing a Gurung orthography for a new dictionary."
• HALE, Austin; SRESTHACHARYA, Iswaranand, authors. 1972. Toward a revision of Hale’s roman Newari orthography.
• LEE, Maureen, author. 2011. "Issues in Bahing orthography development."  
• WEBSTER, Jeffrey D., author. 2000. "Guidelines for script standardization."
• WEBSTER, Jeffrey D., author. 2000. "Guidelines for script standardization."

Philippines

• ASHLEY, Seymour, author. 1973. "Notes on Tausug orthography."
• BRICHOUX, Robert, author. 1977. "Spelling Subanun style: a test of a phonemic-cultural orthography."  
• DAWSON, Barbara J., author. 1972. Suggestions for revision of phonemic analysis and orthography in Ilianen Manobo.
• PANGILINAN, Michael Raymon Manaloto, author. 2006. "Kapampángan or Capampáñgan: settling the dispute on the Kapampángan Romanized orthography."  
• PANGILINAN, Michael Raymon Manaloto, author. 2006. "The importance of diacritical marks in Romanized Kapampángan."  
• PITTMAN, Richard S., author. 1973. "The writing of proper names in Tagalog."
• ROE, G. Richard, author. 1966. "Isneg spelling."

Thailand

• BISHOP, Nancy M.; PETERSON, Mary M., authors. 2002. "The Kensiw (Maniq) people."  
• BISHOP, Nancy M.; PETERSON, Mary M., authors. Available: 2006; Created: 1995-1997. Kensiw orthography statement.  
• COOPER, Arthur D., author. 2002. "The Lahu Shi people."  
• GREEN, Julie; HAAK, Feikje van der, authors. 2002. "The Bru people in Khong Chiem, Ubon Ratchathani."  
• KOSONEN, Kimmo, author. 2003. Testing Chong orthography in Thailand.  
• MIGLIAZZA, Brian, author. 2002. "The So people."  
• PERSON, Kirk R., author. 1999. "Writing Bisu: a community-based approach to orthography development."
• PHILLIPS, Audra, author. 2002. "The West-Central Thailand Pwo Karen people."  
• THOMAS, Dorothy M., author. 1989. Changing the Northern Khmer orthography.
• TU-SIL-LRDP Committee, editor. 2002. Minority language orthography in Thailand: five case studies: in honor of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej on the auspicious occasion of his Sixth Cycle Birthday.  

Viet Nam

• BLOOD, Doris E., author. 1985. Cham script in a revival movement.
• COSTELLO, Nancy A.; KHAMLUAN Sulavan, authors. 1996. "Preliminary statement of Katu orthography in Lao script."  
• NGUYỄN Ðình Hoà, author. 1992. "Vietnamese phonology and graphemic borrowings from Chinese: The book of 3,000 characters revisited."  

Pacific

Australia

• CARR, Therese, author. 1991. Writing Gooniyandi, 1990 update.
• GLASGOW, Kathleen B., author. 1981. Burarra orthography.
• GUDSCHINSKY, Sarah C.; LEEDING, Velma J., authors. 1974. "Toward a more uniform orthography for Australian Aboriginal languages."
• HUDSON, Joyce, author. 1986. An orthography chosen by those who speak Gooniyandi.
• LEEDING, Velma J., author. 1984. Diagnostic testing of the Anindilyakwa orthography for both reading and writing.
• MCKAY, Graham R., author. 1981. The use of the symbol ny in Australian Aboriginal orthographies.
• SANDEFUR, John R., author. 1984. A guide to the Kriol writing system.
• SANDEFUR, John R., author. 1984. Aspects of developing a writing system, with particular reference to the revision of the Kriol orthography.
• SANDEFUR, John R., editor. 1984. Papers on Kriol: The writing system and a resource guide.
• STREET, Chester S., author. 1976. "Spelling problems with voiced and voiceless stops in Murinbata."
• WRIGLEY, Matthew, author. 1991. Community involvement in orthography development: Devising an orthography for Bunuba.

New Caledonia

• SCHOOLING, Stephen J., author. 1987. "Orthography issues in New Caledonia."

Papua New Guinea

• ALLEN, Jerry; BEASO, Matthew, authors. 1975. Petats phonemes and orthography.  
• ÅRSJÖ, Britten; ÅRSJÖ, Sören, authors. 1981. "Using Ama literates to determine their orthography."
• ÅRSJÖ, Britten; ÅRSJÖ, Sören, authors. 2005. "Phonology and orthography essentials: Konai (Kala̱i̱) language (Western Province Papua New Guinea)."  
• BRADSHAW, Robert, author. Available: 2009; Created: 1997. Fuyug orthography paper.  
• BROWNIE, John; BROWNIE, Marjo, authors. 2002. Orthography and phonology description Mussau-Emira language: St. Matthias Islands—New Ireland province.
• CAHILL, Michael, author. 2008. "Word games as experimental linguistics."  
• CAMPBELL, Jo Anne, author. 1986. "Letters, language learning and literacy: a West Sepik experience."
• CHUNG, Je-Soon, author. Available: 2009; Created: 1995. Orthography paper for Mekeo language in Central Province of Papua New Guinea.  
• CLIFTON, Deborah A.; CLIFTON, John M., authors. 1995. "Vanimo orthography workshop."
• CLIFTON, John M., author. 1986. Orthographic reform in Kope.  
• CLIFTON, John M., editor. 1987. Studies in Melanesian orthographies.
• COCHRAN, Anne M., author. 1977. Alphabet design for Papua New Guinea languages.
• CONRAD, Jo Ann; CONRAD, Robert J., authors. 1987. "The symbolization of /ə/ in Mufian (Southern Arapesh)."  
• DEIBLER, Ellis W., author. 1987. "The function of glottal stop in Gahuku."  
• DONDORP, Anne; GASAWAY, Eileen; REMPEL, Robin, authors. 1995. "Idi orthography design workshop."
• EASTON, Catherine; WROGE, Diane, authors. 2012. Manual for Alphabet Design through Community Interaction for Papua New Guinea Elementary Teacher Trainers.  
• FELDPAUSCH, Becky; FELDPAUSCH, Thomas, authors. Available: 2009; Created: 2000. Namia orthography paper.  
• FRANTZ, Marjorie; IRWIN, Barry S., authors. 1968. "A tone dialogue."
• GASAWAY, Eileen; JAMES, Dorothy J.; PRICE, Dorothy; SYMONS, Bruce, authors. 1995. "Orthotech workshop coordinator’s report."
• GLENNON, Ariana; GLENNON, John, authors. 2009. Organised phonology data Nehan (Nissan) language [NSN]; Kalil - Bougainville region.  
• GRIFFIN, Margie, author. 1975. "Orthography problems in the Buin language, and how vernacular speakers helped solve them."
• HAINSWORTH, C. Joan, author. 1975. "What is the best way to write this language?."
• HAINSWORTH, C. Joan, author. 1976. "Is this sound written as a vowel or a consonant?."
• HEALEY, Alan, author. 1975. "Vernacular orthographies in Papua New Guinea."  
• HEALEY, Alan; TAYLOR, Andrew J., authors. 1977. "Writing New Guinea languages: Alphabets and orthographies."
• HEMMILÄ, Ritva, author. 1998. Orthography and phonology database: Islands and Momase regions.
• HEMMILÄ, Ritva, compiler. 1999. Orthography and phonology database: highlands and Papuan regions.
• HOOLEY, Bruce A., author. 1974. "Orthography problems in Central Buang."  
• HURD, Conrad, author. 1975. "A report on the Bougainville orthography seminars."
• HURD, Conrad, author. 1975. "Establishing an orthography."
• HURD, Conrad, author. Available: 2009; Created: 1970. The new Naasioi alphabet.  
• KAPATA, Matthew; MANABUNG, Barnabas; SAGEM, Bill; TURNER, Blaine, authors. Available: 2012; Created: 1986-03. Manam spelling rules.  
• LARSEN, Marlys; LARSEN, Robert E., authors. 1977. Orokaiva phonology and orthography.  
• LARSEN, Robert E., author. 1977. Multidialectal orthographic and lexical adjustments for Orokaiva.
• LAUCK, Linda M., author. 1987. "Orthography testing in Patep."  
• LEE, Robert, author. 1987. "Results of psycholinguistic testing in the Madak language."  
• LINCOLN, Peter C., author. 1975. Suggestions for Banoni orthography.  
• LITHGOW, Daphne; LITHGOW, David, authors. 1987. "Practical spelling."  
• LITHGOW, David, author. 1978. How should I spell it? Interpretation of problem sounds illustrated from Muyuw.  
• LOCK, Arjen; LOCK, Maija, authors. 1993. "The development of an orthography."
• LOEWEKE, Eunice; MAY, Jean, authors. 1985. A recommended alphabet for Maiani, Miani, Mala and Maia—four languages of the Kaukambaran language family.  
• LOVELL, Larry Lee, author. Available: 2012; Created: 1995-01. Minaveha orthography.  
• LUOMA, Pirkko, author. Available: 2009; Created: 1996. Palatalization in Urim.  
• LUOMA, Pirkko, author. Available: 2009; Created: 2000-07. Orthography paper Urim language.  
• MARTEN, Helen, author. Available: 2007; Created: 1995-02. Orthography and phonology description of the Yawu dialect of the Yessan-Mayo language.  
• PAWLEY, Andrew, author. 1975. "On epenthetic vowels in New Guinea Pidgin."
• PENCE, Alan R., author. 1975. "Benefits of a unified Pidgin orthography for Papua New Guinea."
• PRICE, Dorothy, author. 1987. "Some Karkar-Yuri orthography and spelling decisions."  
• RATH, Daniel D., author. Available: 2009; Created: 1991. Mengen orthography: Mengen language East New Britain Province.  
• REMPEL, Robin, author. 1995. "Alphabet development guide—practical steps for developing an alphabet and spelling system to be used with the alphabet development worksheet."
• REMPEL, Robin, author. 1995. "Alphabet development worksheet—for socio-linguistic orthography development."
• REMPEL, Robin, author. 1995. "Report on STARS course."
• ROBERTS, John R., author. 1991. Orthography reform in Amele: Part one.
• ROBERTS, John R., author. 1992. Orthography reform in Amele: Part two.
• ROUTAMAA, Ismo; ROUTAMAA, Judith, authors. Available: 2008; Created: 1997-03. Orthography paper Kamula, Western province.  
• SANDERS, Arden G.; SANDERS, Joy, authors. 1987. "Kamasau orthography."  
• SCOTT, Graham K., author. 1967. "Which alphabet should I use? A limited research survey in Fore."
• SHAW, Karen A.; SHAW, R. Daniel, authors. 1977. Samo phonemes: Description, interpretation and resulting orthography.  
• SIMONS, Gary F., author. 1977. "A multi-dialectal orthography for the Biliau language."
• SIMONS, Gary F., author. 1977. Principles of multidialectal orthography design.
• SOUTHWELL, Gwyneth; SOUTHWELL, Neville, authors. Available: 2007; Created: 1972. Phonemes and orthography of Komba.  
• SPEECE, Marilyn; SPEECE, Richard F., authors. 1992. "When a phonemic orthography doesn’t work."
• SPEECE, Richard F., author. 1987. "How shall we write what was left when the labialized post velar lost its velar?."  
• TAUBERSCHMIDT, Gerhard; TAUBERSCHMIDT, Hiltrud, authors. Available: 2009; Created: 1993. Sinaugoro orthography paper.  
• THURMAN, Robert C., author. 1976. "Orthography problems in Chuave."
• WILSON, Darryl, author. Available: 2008; Created: 1981-01. The Zia orthography.  
• WILSON, Darryl, author. Available: 2008; Created: 1981-02-21. Supplement to: The Zia orthography (Papua New Guinea).  

Solomon Islands

• BOERGER, Brenda H., author. 1996. When c, q, r, x, and z are vowels: An informal report on Natqgu orthography.
• BOSWELL, Freddy, author. 2001. Cheke Holo orthography: local tradition clashes with a linguist’s concerns.
• BOSWELL, Freddy, author. 2011. Cheke Holo orthography: Ethnic language community decision-making and the role of trained linguists.  
• DAAMS, Nicolaas, author. 1982. A practical writing system for the language of Rennell and Bellona.
• LEE, Ernest W., author. 1982. Solomon Island Pijin: a spelling survey.
• SIMONS, Gary F., author. 1977. A Kwaraʼae spelling list.
• SIMONS, Gary F., author. 1977. Standardized alphabets for Malaitan languages.