Wasco-Wishram
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A language of United States
ISO 639-3
Alternate Names
Columbia Chinook, Upper Chinook, Wasco, Wishram
Population
No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speaker, Gladys Thompson, died in 2012 (2012 K. Foden-Vencil). Ethnic population: 750 (1977 SIL).
Location
Oregon: north central; Washington: south central.
Language Status
9 (Dormant). Language of registered tribe: Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation, Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon.
Classification
Dialects
Clackamas (Clackama), Kiksht, Multnomah, Kathlamet (Cathlamet).
Language Use
Shifted to English [eng]. Kathlamet and Clackamas dialects were last spoken in the 1930s (Mithun 1999).
Language Development
Grammar. Texts. A revitalization project was started at Warm Springs in 1992, and it was still active as of 2012 (2012 R. Moore).
Language Resources
Writing
Unwritten [Qaax].